如何提高MySQL Limit查询的性能
在MySQL数据库操作中,我们在做一些查询的时候总希望能避免数据库引擎做全表扫描,因为全表扫描时间长,而且其中大部分扫描对客户端而言是没有意义的。其实我们可以使用Limit关键字来避免全表扫描的情况,从而提高效率。 有个几千万条记录的表 on MySQL 5.0.
在MySQL数据库操作中,我们在做一些查询的时候总希望能避免数据库引擎做全表扫描,因为全表扫描时间长,而且其中大部分扫描对客户端而言是没有意义的。其实我们可以使用Limit关键字来避免全表扫描的情况,从而提高效率。
有个几千万条记录的表 on MySQL 5.0.x,现在要读出其中几十万万条左右的记录。常用方法,依次循环:?
select * from mytable where index_col = xxx limit offset, limit;?
经验:如果没有blob/text字段,单行记录比较小,可以把 limit 设大点,会加快速度。
问题:头几万条读取很快,但是速度呈线性下降,同时 mysql server cpu 99% ,速度不可接受。?
调用 explain select * from mytable where index_col = xxx limit offset, limit;?
显示 type = ALL?
在 MySQL optimization 的文档写到"All"的解释?
A full table scan is done for each combination of rows from the previous tables. This is normally not good if the table is the first table not marked const, and usually very bad in all other cases. Normally, you can avoid ALL by adding indexes that allow row retrieval from the table based on constant values or column values from earlier tables.?
看样子对于 all, mysql 就使用比较笨的方法,那就改用 range 方式??因为 id 是递增的,也很好修改 sql 。
select * from mytable where id > offset and id < offset + limit and index_col = xxx?
explain 显示 type = range,结果速度非常理想,返回结果快了几十倍。
Limit语法:
SELECT * FROM table LIMIT [offset,] rows | rows OFFSET offset
LIMIT子句可以被用于强制 SELECT 语句返回指定的记录数。LIMIT接受一个或两个数字参数。参数必须是一个整数常量。
如果给定两个参数,第一个参数指定第一个返回记录行的偏移量,第二个参数指定返回记录行的最大数目。初始记录行的偏移量是 0(而不是 1)。
为了与 PostgreSQL 兼容,MySQL 也支持句法:LIMIT # OFFSET #。
mysql> SELECT * FROM table LIMIT 5,10; //检索记录行6-15 //为了检索从某一个偏移量到记录集的结束所有的记录行,可以指定第二个参数为-1 mysql> SELECT * FROM table LIMIT 95,-1; //检索记录行96-last //如果只给定一个参数,它表示返回最大的记录行数目,换句话说,LIMIT n 等价于 LIMIT 0,n mysql> SELECT * FROM table LIMIT 5; //检索前5个记录行
MySQL的limit给分页带来了极大的方便,但数据量一大的时候,limit的性能就急剧下降。同样是取10条数据,下面两句就不是一个数量级别的。
select * from table limit 10000,10 select * from table limit 0,10
文中不是直接使用limit,而是首先获取到offset的id然后直接使用limit size来获取数据。根据他的数据,明显要好于直接使用limit。
这里我具体使用数据分两种情况进行测试。
1、offset比较小的时候:
select * from table limit 10,10 //多次运行,时间保持在0.0004-0.0005之间 Select * From table Where vid >=(Select vid From table Order By vid limit 10,1) limit 10 //多次运行,时间保持在0.0005-0.0006之间,主要是0.0006
结论:偏移offset较小的时候,直接使用limit较优。这个显然是子查询的原因。
2、offset大的时候:
select * from table limit 10000,10 //多次运行,时间保持在0.0187左右 Select * From table Where vid >=(Select vid From table Order By vid limit 10000,1) limit 10 //多次运行,时间保持在0.0061左右,只有前者的1/3。可以预计offset越大,后者越优。

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