Home Database Mysql Tutorial 23道安全门加铸MySQL数据库

23道安全门加铸MySQL数据库

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:23 PM
mysql Safety database

使用MySQL,安全问题不能不注意。以下是MySQL提示的23个注意事项: 1.如果客户端和服务器端的连接需要跨越并通过不可信任的网络,那么就需要使用SSH隧道来加密该连接的通信。 2.用set password语句来修改用户的密码,三个步骤,先mysql -u root登陆数据库系

        使用MySQL,安全问题不能不注意。以下是MySQL提示的23个注意事项:

  1.如果客户端和服务器端的连接需要跨越并通过不可信任的网络,那么就需要使用SSH隧道来加密该连接的通信。

  2.用set password语句来修改用户的密码,三个步骤,先“mysql -u root”登陆数据库系统,然后“mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('newpwd')”,最后执行“flush privileges”就可以了。

  3.需要提防的攻击有,防偷听、篡改、回放、拒绝服务等,不涉及可用性和容错方面。对所有的连接、查询、其他操作使用基于ACL即访问控制列表的安全措施来完成。也有一些对SSL连接的支持。

  4.除了root用户外的其他任何用户不允许访问mysql主数据库中的user表;

  加密后存放在user表中的加密后的用户密码一旦泄露,其他人可以随意用该用户名/密码相应的数据库;

  5.用grant和revoke语句来进行用户访问控制的工作;

  6.不使用明文密码,而是使用md5()和sha1()等单向的哈系函数来设置密码;

  7.不选用字典中的字来做密码;

  8.采用防火墙来去掉50%的外部危险,让数据库系统躲在防火墙后面工作,或放置在DMZ区域中;

  9.从因特网上用nmap来扫描3306端口,也可用telnet server_host 3306的方法测试,不能允许从非信任网络中访问数据库服务器的3306号TCP端口,因此需要在防火墙或路由器上做设定;

  10.为了防止被恶意传入非法参数,例如where ID=234,别人却输入where ID=234 OR 1=1导致全部显示,所以在web的表单中使用''或""来用字符串,在动态URL中加入%22代表双引号、%23代表井号、%27代表单引号;传递未检查过的值给mysql数据库是非常危险的;

  11.在传递数据给mysql时检查一下大小;

  12.应用程序需要连接到数据库应该使用一般的用户帐号,只开放少数必要的权限给该用户;

  13.在各编程接口(C C++ PHP Perl Java JDBC等)中使用特定‘逃脱字符’函数;

  在因特网上使用mysql数据库时一定少用传输明文的数据,而用SSL和SSH的加密方式数据来传输;

  14.学会使用tcpdump和strings工具来查看传输数据的安全性,例如tcpdump -l -i eth0 -w -src or dst port 3306   strings。以普通用户来启动mysql数据库服务;

  15.不使用到表的联结符号,选用的参数 --skip-symbolic-links;

  16.确信在mysql目录中只有启动数据库服务的用户才可以对文件有读和写的权限;

  17.不许将process或super权限付给非管理用户,该mysqladmin processlist可以列举出当前执行的查询文本;super权限可用于切断客户端连接、改变服务器运行参数状态、控制拷贝复制数据库的服务器;

  18.file权限不付给管理员以外的用户,防止出现load data '/etc/passwd'到表中再用select 显示出来的问题;

  19.如果不相信DNS服务公司的服务,可以在主机名称允许表中只设置IP数字地址;

  20.使用max_user_connections变量来使mysqld服务进程,对一个指定帐户限定连接数;

  21.grant语句也支持资源控制选项;

  22.启动mysqld服务进程的安全选项开关,,--local-infile=0或1 若是0则客户端程序就无法使用local load data了,赋权的一个例子grant insert(user) on mysql.user to 'user_name'@'host_name';若使用--skip-grant-tables系统将对任何用户的访问不做任何访问控制,但可以用mysqladmin flush-privileges或mysqladmin reload来开启访问控制;默认情况是show databases语句对所有用户开放,可以用--skip-show-databases来关闭掉。

  23.碰到Error 1045(28000) Access Denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (Using password:NO)错误时,你需要重新设置密码,具体方法是:先用--skip-grant-tables参数启动mysqld,然后执行mysql -u root mysql,mysql>update user set password=password('newpassword') where user='root';mysql>Flush privileges;,最后重新启动mysql就可以了。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1664
14
PHP Tutorial
1268
29
C# Tutorial
1248
24
MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions Apr 22, 2025 am 12:12 AM

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison Apr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Oracle's Role in the Business World Oracle's Role in the Business World Apr 23, 2025 am 12:01 AM

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

How often should you regenerate session IDs? How often should you regenerate session IDs? Apr 23, 2025 am 12:03 AM

The session ID should be regenerated regularly at login, before sensitive operations, and every 30 minutes. 1. Regenerate the session ID when logging in to prevent session fixed attacks. 2. Regenerate before sensitive operations to improve safety. 3. Regular regeneration reduces long-term utilization risks, but the user experience needs to be weighed.

Explain the purpose of foreign keys in MySQL. Explain the purpose of foreign keys in MySQL. Apr 25, 2025 am 12:17 AM

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.

Compare and contrast MySQL and MariaDB. Compare and contrast MySQL and MariaDB. Apr 26, 2025 am 12:08 AM

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

SQL vs. MySQL: Clarifying the Relationship Between the Two SQL vs. MySQL: Clarifying the Relationship Between the Two Apr 24, 2025 am 12:02 AM

SQL is a standard language for managing relational databases, while MySQL is a database management system that uses SQL. SQL defines ways to interact with a database, including CRUD operations, while MySQL implements the SQL standard and provides additional features such as stored procedures and triggers.

How to safely store JavaScript objects containing functions and regular expressions to a database and restore? How to safely store JavaScript objects containing functions and regular expressions to a database and restore? Apr 19, 2025 pm 11:09 PM

Safely handle functions and regular expressions in JSON In front-end development, JavaScript is often required...

See all articles