MySql管理的一点心得
MySql数据库是中小型网站后台数据库的首选,因为它对非商业应用是免费的.网站开发者可以搭建一个Linux+Apache+PHP+MySql 平台,这是一个最省钱的高效平台.在使用MySql进行开发时,MySql自带的文档对于新手来说是份很好的参考资料.本文是我在使用MySql中的小小心
MySql数据库是中小型网站后台数据库的首选,因为它对非商业应用是免费的.网站开发者可以搭建一个"Linux+Apache+PHP+MySql" 平台,这是一个最省钱的高效平台.在使用MySql进行开发时,MySql自带的文档对于新手来说是份很好的参考资料.本文是我在使用MySql中的小小心得。
当前一般用户的开发环境多是Windows或Linux,用户可以到下载相关版本进行安装,在 windows中MySql以服务形式存在,在使用前应确保此服务已经启动,未启动可用net start mysql命令启动。而Linux中启动时可用“/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start"命令,注意启动者应具有管理员权限。
刚安装好的MySql包含一个含空密码的root帐户和一个匿名帐户,这是很大的安全隐患,对于一些重要的应用我们应将安全性尽可能提高,在这里应把匿名帐户删除、 root帐户设置密码,可用如下命令进行:
use mysql;
delete from User where User="";
update User set Password=PASSWORD('newpassword') where User='root';
如果要对用户所用的登录终端进行限制,可以更新User表中相应用户的Host字段,在进行了以上更改后应重新启动数据库服务,,此时登录时可用如下类似命令:
mysql -uroot -p;
mysql -uroot -pnewpassword;
mysql mydb -uroot -p;
mysql mydb -uroot -pnewpassword;
上面命令参数是常用参数的一部分,详细情况可参考文档。此处的mydb是要登录的数据库的名称。
在进行开发和实际应用中,用户不应该只用root用户进行连接数据库,虽然使用root用户进行测试时很方便,但会给系统带来重大安全隐患,也不利于管理技术的提高。我们给一个应用中使用的用户赋予最恰当的数据库权限。如一个只进行数据插入的用户不应赋予其删除数据的权限。MySql的用户管理是通过 User表来实现的,添加新用户常用的方法有两个,一是在User表插入相应的数据行,同时设置相应的权限;二是通过GRANT命令创建具有某种权限的用户。其中GRANT的常用用法如下:
grant all on mydb.* to identified by "password" ;
grant usage on *.* to identified by "password";
grant select,insert,update on mydb.* to identified by "password";
grant update,delete on mydb.TestTable to identified by "password";
若要给此用户赋予他在相应对象上的权限的管理能力,可在GRANT后面添加WITH GRANT OPTION选项。而对于用插入User表添加的用户,Password字段应用PASSWORD 函数进行更新加密,以防不轨之人窃看密码。对于那些已经不用的用户应给予清除,权限过界的用户应及时回收权限,回收权限可以通过更新User表相应字段,也可以使用REVOKE操作。

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