oracle之Schema
在一个数据库中可以有多个应用的数据表,这些不同应用的表可以放在不同的schema之中, 同时,每一个schema对应一个用户,不同的应用可以以不同的用户连接数据库, 这样,一个大数据库就可以根据应用把其表分开来管理。 不同的schema之间它们没有直接的关系,
在一个数据库中可以有多个应用的数据表,这些不同应用的表可以放在不同的schema之中,
同时,每一个schema对应一个用户,不同的应用可以以不同的用户连接数据库,
这样,一个大数据库就可以根据应用把其表分开来管理。
不同的schema之间它们没有直接的关系,不同的shcema之间的表可以同名,
也可以互相引用(但必须有权限),在没有操作别的schema的操作根权下,
每个用户只能操作它自己的schema下的所有的表。不同的schema下的同名的表,
可以存入不同的数据(即schema用户自己的数据)。 Oracle里schema几乎和user/用户是通用的。schema是指一组数据库object
(比如:表,视图,包,序列,等等),而这些object是属于用户的,
属于一个用户的所有object就叫schema。 如果你使用Oracle的企业管理器Enterprise Manager,你会发现里面的用户就叫schema。 Schema 中文意思是 方案. "方案"只是 Oracle 一个分类,不同用户有不同的方案. 拿 DBA Studio 来说吧,在左边分了四大类:(例程,存储,安全,方案) 例程: 是管理库的启动...之类的. 存储: 管理表空间,数据文件之类. 安全: 就是管理用户(密码,表空间分配...) 方案: 有(表,视图,存储过程...),不同用户有不同的案. 如: 在"方案"->选你的"用户名"之后,才会出现用户名相关的表. ----------------------------两个不容易理解的概念──user和schema user是控制权限的,而schema则是一个容器,非所有者如果需要访问这个容器下的对象
就需要在对象前面写上schema(owner)的名字,如果不想写而又没有创建synonym,此时可以通过alter session set current_schema=schema_name来改变当前session的schema从而在访问对象时省去schema(owner);最终能否访问对象还是要看是否有访问这个对象的权限而和schema无关。 深入理解user和schema的区别: user即Oracle中的用户,和所有系统的中用户概念类似,用户所持有的是系统的权限及资源; 而schema所涵盖的是各种对象,它包含了表、函数、包等等对象的“所在地”,并不包括对他们的权限控制。 好比一个房子,里面放满了家具,对这些家具有支配权的是房子的主人(user),,而不是房子(schema)。 你可以也是一个房子的主人(user),拥有自己的房子(schema)。可以通过alter session的方式
进入别人的房子。 这个时候,你可以看到别人房子里的家具(desc)。 如果你没有特别指定的话,你所做的操作都是针对你当前所在房子中的东西。 至于你是否有权限使用(select)、搬动(update)或者拿走(delete)这些家具就看这个房子的
主人有没有给你这样的权限了,或者你是整个大厦(DB)的老大(DBA)。
alter session set schema可以用来代替synonyms。 如果你想调用其他schema的对象(有权限的前提下),但并没有建synonym,
同时又不想把其他schema名字放入代码中,就可以首先使用alter session set schema=。

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