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oracle数据库如何重建索引

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:19 PM
oracle how database index reconstruction

当索引的碎片过多时,会影响执行查询的速度,从而影响到我们的工作效率。这时候采取的最有利的措施莫过于重建索引了。本文主要介绍了Oracle数据库中检查索引碎片并重建索引的过程,接下来我们就开始介绍这一过程。 重建索引的步骤如下: 1. 确认基本信息 登

   当索引的碎片过多时,会影响执行查询的速度,从而影响到我们的工作效率。这时候采取的最有利的措施莫过于重建索引了。本文主要介绍了Oracle数据库中检查索引碎片并重建索引的过程,接下来我们就开始介绍这一过程。

  重建索引的步骤如下:

  1. 确认基本信息

  登入数据库,找到专门存放index 的tablespace,并且这个tablespace下所有index的owner都是tax.将index专门存放在一个独立的tablespace, 与数据表的tablespace分离,是常用的数据库设计方法。

  2. 查找哪些index需要重建

  通过anlyze index .... validate structure命令可以分析单个指定的index,并且将单个index 分析的结果存放到 index_stats试图下。一般判断的依据是:

  height >4 pct_used 0.03 g )

  3. google上下载了遍历所有index脚本

  发现anlyze index .... validate structure只能填充单个index分析信息,,于是google了下,从网上下了个Loop 脚本,遍历索引空间下所有的索引名字,并且可以把所有index的分析信息存放到自己建立的一个用户表中。

  4. anlyze index 锁定index

  发现下载的脚本不好用,应为anlyze index在分析索引前要争取独占锁,锁住index,很明显有些index正在被应用系统的使用,所以运行anlyze失败。这里吸取的教训是,尽量晚上做这种事。但是本人比较喜欢准时回家,所以在语句中添加Exception Handler,抛出anlyze index执行失败的那些index 名称,使脚本正常运行完毕。并且根据打印到前台的index name手动执行那些index分析。

  5. 总结

  虽然发现522个index中有160个符合上面的判断的依据。但是发现索引都不大,而那些拥有百万leaf的索引又没有符合上面的判断条件,所以结论是无需index rebuild online. 没有啥碎片。

  6.什么时候可以rebuild index呢?

  rebuild index online,对那些有大量DML操作的大索引是有益的。可以每个月季度做一次针对较大索引的rebuild。通常哪怕rebuild index online也会造成I/O争用,所以有无online意义不大,可以放到3-5个晚上,分批执行rebuild index,锁定index,不让用户用(没有用户等入的时候),并且加上paralle 8关键字,应为发现数据库服务器有8个cpu processors.

  关于Oracle数据库检查索引碎片和重建索引的知识就介绍到这里,希望能够对您有所帮助。

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