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MySQL 触发器 索引
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MySQL 触发器 目录

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:15 PM
mysql Table of contents index trigger

MySQL 触发器 索引 MySQL 触发器 索引 ? 博文目录 ?触发器 索引 ? 触发器是MySQL响应insert,update,delete语句时自动执行的一条SQL语句,只有表支持触发器,视图不支持。 触发器需要的信息 唯一的触发器名称(一个表中唯一) 触发器关联的表 触发器应该响应的

MySQL 触发器 索引

MySQL 触发器 索引

?

博文目录

  1. ?触发器
  2. 索引

?

触发器是MySQL响应insert,update,delete语句时自动执行的一条SQL语句,只有表支持触发器,视图不支持。

触发器需要的信息

  • 唯一的触发器名称(一个表中唯一)
  • 触发器关联的表
  • 触发器应该响应的事件(insert?update?delete?)
  • 触发器何时执行(处理之前或处理之后)
  • 一个表的一个事件最多只能有两个触发器,所以一个表最多有6个触发器
  • 如果响应之前的触发器执行失败,响应则不会执行;响应之前的触发器或响应执行失败,响应之后的触发器不会执行


insert触发器

create trigger tr_insert_tableA 
after insert on t_tableA
for each row 
insert into t_tableB(val) 
values 
(new.val);
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在insert触发器内,可引用一个名为new的虚拟表,访问被插入的行
在before insert触发器中,new中的值也可以被更新(new可以取到插入的值)
对于自动增长的列,new在insert执行之前的值为0,在执行之后是新的自动生成的值

获取刚刚插入的自动生成的主键值

create trigger t_insert_pk_tableA 
after insert on t_tableA 
for each row 
select new.id into @id;
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insert into t_tableA(val) values("abc");
select @id;
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delete触发器

delimiter //
create trigger t_delete_tableA 
after delete on t_tableA 
for each row 
begin 
  insert into t_tableB(val) values(old.val);
end //
delimiter ;

delete from t_tableA where id=2;
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在delete触发器代码中,可以引用了一个old的虚拟表,访问被删除的行
old表中值全是只读的,不能更新

update触发器

将A表中修改后的名字都改为大写

delimiter //
create trigger t_update_tableA 
before update on t_tableA 
for each row 
begin 
  set new.val=upper(new.val);
end //
delimiter ;

update t_tableA set val='xyz' where id=1;
select * from t_tableA;
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在update触发器代码中,可以引用一个名为old的虚拟表访问以前的值,引用new表访问新的值
在before update触发器中,new中值允许被更新
old表中的值是只读的,不能更改

删除触发器

drop trigger tr_insert_tableA;
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索引

索引是优化数据库查询速度的重要途径

索引类型
普通索引:最基本的索引,没有唯一性之类的限制

create index valindex on t_tableA(val(20));
create index products_index on products(prod_name(25),prod_price);
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唯一索引:所有的索引列只能出现一次,保持唯一性

create unique index valindex2 on t_tableB(val(20));
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主键索引:主键索引是一种特殊的唯一索引,在主键建立时自动创建
全文索引:全文所以可以在varchar或text类型上创建

索引的缺点

  • 虽然索引大大提高了查询速度,但会降低更新表的速度,比如对表的insert,update,delete操作,因为更新表时,MySQL不仅仅要保存数据,还要保存索引文件
  • 建立索引会占用磁盘空间。如果在一个大表上创建了多种索引组合,索引文件会膨胀的很快。
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