[MySQL] 字符集跟排序方式
[MySQL] 字符集和排序方式 字符串类型 MySQL的字符串分为两大类: 1)二进制字符串:即一串字节序列,对字节的解释不涉及字符集,因此它没有字符集和排序方式的概念 2)非二进制字符串:由字符构成的序列,字符集用来解释字符串的内容,排序方式决定字符的大
[MySQL] 字符集和排序方式字符串类型
MySQL的字符串分为两大类:
1)二进制字符串:即一串字节序列,对字节的解释不涉及字符集,因此它没有字符集和排序方式的概念
2)非二进制字符串:由字符构成的序列,字符集用来解释字符串的内容,排序方式决定字符的大小
字符集和排序方式
字符集和排序方式的关系是这样的:一个字符集可以有一个或多个排序方式,有一个默认的排序方式,我们可以通过以下例子说明:
mysql> show character set like '%gbk%'; +---------+------------------------+-------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +---------+------------------------+-------------------+--------+ | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | +---------+------------------------+-------------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show collation like '%gbk%'; +----------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+ | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | +----------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+ | gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | gbk_bin | gbk | 87 | | Yes | 1 | +----------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
排序方式的命名规则为:字符集名字_语言_后缀,其中各个典型后缀的含义如下:
1)_ci:不区分大小写的排序方式
2)_cs:区分大小写的排序方式
3)_bin:二进制排序方式,大小比较将根据字符编码,不涉及人类语言,因此_bin的排序方式不包含人类语言
因此,gbk_chinese_ci排序方式就表示:字符集为gbk,人类语言使用中文来比较大小,比较时区分大小写。
常用函数
字符集引导
字符集引导可以让MySQL指定一种字符集来解释字符常量,其语法为:
_charset str
如:
_utf8 'ABCD' 表示以utf8字符集来介绍字符串常量'ABCD'
字符集转换
convert()函数可以把一个字符串转换成指定字符集,其语法为:
convert(str using charset)
如 convert('ABCD' using utf8) 表示把'ABCD'的字符集转换成uft8
length()函数 --返回字节的长度
char_length() --返回字符长度
与字符集有关的系统变量
通过以下语句可以查看与字符集有关的系统变量:mysql> show variables like 'character\_set\_%'; +--------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+--------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | gbk | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | gbk | | character_set_system | utf8 | +--------------------------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation\_%'; +----------------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------------------+ | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_database | gbk_chinese_ci | | collation_server | gbk_chinese_ci | +----------------------+-------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以下三个变量将影响客户端和服务器之间的通信: character_set_client:客户端向服务器发送SQL语句使用的字符集
character_set_results:服务器向客户端返回结果时使用的字符集
character_set_connection:如果它和character_set_client不同,从客户端发来的SQL语句将转换为它指定的字符集 默认情况下,上述三个变量都设为为相同的值,如果某个客户端想使用另一种字符集与服务器通信,可以修改它们,如:
set character_set_client = utf8; set character_set_results = utf8; set character_set_connection = utf8;
set names 'utf8';

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Apache connects to a database requires the following steps: Install the database driver. Configure the web.xml file to create a connection pool. Create a JDBC data source and specify the connection settings. Use the JDBC API to access the database from Java code, including getting connections, creating statements, binding parameters, executing queries or updates, and processing results.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The process of starting MySQL in Docker consists of the following steps: Pull the MySQL image to create and start the container, set the root user password, and map the port verification connection Create the database and the user grants all permissions to the database

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.
