Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL锁表在那些情况中是不利的?

MySQL锁表在那些情况中是不利的?

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:14 PM
mysql main Condition article lock table

以下的文章主要是对MySQL锁表的概念的介绍,以及介绍MySQL表锁在什么设想的情况下就不利了,如果你对MySQL表锁的相关内容感兴趣的话,以下的文章就是主要内容介绍,望你在浏览之后会有所收获。 MySQL锁表 为了能有快速的锁,MySQL除了 InnoDB 和 BDB 这两种

以下的文章主要是对MySQL锁表的概念的介绍,以及介绍MySQL表锁在什么设想的情况下就不利了,如果你对MySQL表锁的相关内容感兴趣的话,以下的文章就是主要内容介绍,望你在浏览之后会有所收获。

MySQL锁表

为了能有快速的锁,MySQL除了 InnoDB 和 BDB 这两种存储引擎外,所有的都是用表级锁(而非页、行、列级锁)。

对于 InnoDB 和 BDB 表,MySQL锁表只有在指定用 LOCK TABLES 锁表时才使用表级锁。在这两种表中,建议最好不要使用 LOCK TABLES,因为 InnoDB 自动采用行级锁,BDB 用页级锁来保证事务的隔离。

如果数据表很大,那么在大多数应用中表级锁会比行级锁好多了,不过这有一些陷阱。

表级锁让很多线程可以同时从数据表中读取数据,但是如果另一个线程想要写数据的话,就必须要先取得排他访问。正在更新数据时,必须要等到更新完成了,其他线程才能访问这个表。

更新操作通常认为比读取更重要,因此它的优先级更高。不过最好要先确认,数据表是否有很高的 SELECT 操作,而更新操作并非很‘急需’。

表锁锁在一个线程在等待,因为磁盘空间满了,但是却需要有空余的磁盘空间,这个线程才能继续处理时就有问题了。这种情况下,所有要访问这个出问题的表的线程都会被置为等待状态,直到有剩余磁盘空间了。

MySQL表锁在以下设想情况中就不利了:

一个客户端提交了一个需要长时间运行的 SELECT 操作。

其他客户端对同一个表提交了 UPDATE 操作,这个客户端就要等到 SELECT 完成了才能开始执行。

其他客户端也对同一个表提交了 SELECT 请求。由于 UPDATE 的优先级高于 SELECT,所以 SELECT 就会先等到 UPDATE 完成了之后才开始执行,它也在等待第一个 SELECT 操作。

下列所述可以减少表锁带来的资源争夺:

让 SELECT 速度尽量快,这可能需要创建一些摘要表。

启动 mysqld 时使用参数 --low-priority-updates。这就会让更新操作的优先级低于 SELECT。这种情况下,在上面的假设中,第二个 SELECT 就会在 INSERT 之前执行了,而且也无需等待第一个SELECT 了。

可以执行 SET LOW_PRIORITY_UPDATES=1 命令,指定所有的更新操作都放到一个指定的链接中去完成。

用 LOW_PRIORITY 属性来降低 INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE 的优先级。

用 HIGH_PRIORITY 来提高 SELECT 语句的优先级。

从MySQL 3.23.7 开始,可以在启动 mysqld 时指定系统变量 max_write_lock_count 为一个比较低的值,它能强制临时地提高表的插入数达到一个特定值后的所有 SELECT 操作的优先级。它允许在 WRITE 锁达到一定数量后有 READ 锁。

当 INSERT 和 SELECT 一起使用出现问题时,可以转而采用 MyISAM 表,它支持并发的SELECT 和 INSERT 操作。

当在同一个表上同时有插入和删除操作时,INSERT DELAYED 可能会很有用。

当 SELECT 和 DELETE 一起使用出现问题时,DELETE 的 LIMIT 参数可能会很有用。

执行 SELECT 时使用 SQL_BUFFER_RESULT 有助于减短MySQL锁表的持续时间.

可以修改源代码 `mysys/thr_lock.c',只用一个所队列。这种情况下,写锁和读锁的优先级就一样了,这对一些应用可能有帮助。


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