MySQL数据库,不得不看(1)
MySQL数据库一般应用于中小企业,其不仅具有开源性,还具有很好的管理特性,我们今天就是对MySQL数据库的相关内容的介绍,我们首先是从启动:net start mySql; 开始的,以下就是文章的主要内容。 启动:net start mySql; 进入:MySQL-u root -p/MySQL-h loca
MySQL数据库一般应用于中小企业,其不仅具有开源性,还具有很好的管理特性,我们今天就是对MySQL数据库的相关内容的介绍,我们首先是从启动:net start mySql; 开始的,以下就是文章的主要内容。
启动:net start mySql;
进入:MySQL-u root -p/MySQL-h localhost -u root -p databaseName;
列出数据库:show databases;
选择数据库:use databaseName;
列出表格:show tables;
显示表格列的属性:show columns from tableName;
建立数据库:source fileName.txt;
匹配字符:可以用通配符_代表任何一个字符,%代表任何字符串;
增加一个字段:
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>alter table tabelName add column fieldName dateType; </span></span></li></ol>
增加多个字段:
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>alter table tabelName add column fieldName1 dateType,add columns fieldName2 dateType; </span></span></li></ol>
多行命令输入:注意不能将单词断开;当插入或更改数据时,不能将字段的字符串展开到多行里,否则硬回车将被储存到数据中;
增加一个管理员帐户:
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>grant all on *.* to user@localhost identified by "password"; </span></span></li></ol>
每条语句输入完毕后要在末尾填加分号';',或者填加'\g'也可以;
查询时间:select now();
查询当前用户:select user();
查询数据库版本:select version();
查询当前使用的数据库:select database();
1、删除student_course数据库中的students数据表:
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>rm -f student_course/students.* </span></span></li></ol>
2、备份数据库:(将数据库test备份)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>mysqldump -u root -p test</span><span class="tag">></span><span>c:\test.txt </span></span></li></ol>
备份表格:(备份test数据库下的mytable表格)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>mysqldump -u root -p test mytable</span><span class="tag">></span><span>c:\test.txt </span></span></li></ol>
将备份数据导入到数据库:(导回test数据库)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>mysql -u root -p test </span></span></li></ol>
3、创建临时表:(建立临时表zengchao)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create temporary table zengchao(name varchar(10)); </span></span></li></ol>
4、创建表是先判断表是否存在
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create table if not exists students(……); </span></span></li></ol>
5、从已经有的表中复制表的结构
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create table table2 select * from table1 where 1</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag">></span><span>1; </span></span></span></li></ol>
6、复制表
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>create table table2 select * from table1; </span></span></li></ol>
7、对表重新命名
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>alter table table1 rename as table2; </span></span></li></ol>
8、修改列的类型
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>alter table table1 modify id int unsigned; </span></span></li></ol>
修改列id的类型为int unsigned
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>alter table table1 change id sid int unsigned; </span></span></li></ol>
修改列id的名字为sid,而且把属性修改为int unsigned
9、创建索引
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>alter table table1 add index ind_id (id); </span></span></li> <li><span>create index ind_id on table1 (id); </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>create unique index ind_id on table1 (id); </span></li> </ol>
建立唯一性索引
10、删除索引
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>drop index idx_id on table1; </span></span></li> <li><span>alter table table1 drop index ind_id; </span></li> </ol>
11、联合字符或者多个列(将列id与":"和列name和"="连接)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>select concat(id,':',name,'=') from students; </span></span></li></ol>
12、limit(选出10到20条)
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>select * from students order by id limit 9,10; </span></span></li></ol>
13、MySQL不支持的功能
事务,视图,外键和引用完整性,存储过程和触发器
14、MySQL会使用索引的操作符号
=,>,=,between,in,不带%或者_开头的like
15、使用索引的缺点
1)减慢增删改数据的速度;
2)占用磁盘空间;
3)增加查询优化器的负担;
当查询优化器生成执行计划时,会考虑索引,太多的索引会给查询优化器增加工作量,导致无法选择最优的查询方案;
16、分析索引效率

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