MySQL数据库分区的优点表现
我们大家都知道MySQL数据库分区属于一种物理的数据库相关设计技术,DBA与MySQL数据库相关人员对其可以说是相当的熟悉。虽然实现分区技术有很多种,但其主要目的是为了在特定的SQL操作中减少数据读写的总量以缩减响应时间。 分区主要有两种形式: 这里一定要
我们大家都知道MySQL数据库分区属于一种物理的数据库相关设计技术,DBA与MySQL数据库相关人员对其可以说是相当的熟悉。虽然实现分区技术有很多种,但其主要目的是为了在特定的SQL操作中减少数据读写的总量以缩减响应时间。
分区主要有两种形式:
这里一定要注意行和列的概念(row是行,column是列)
1. 水平分区(Horizontal Partitioning)这种形式分区是对表的行进行MySQL数据库分区,通过这样的方式不同分组里面的物理列分割的数据集得以组合,从而进行个体分割(单分区)或集体分割(1个或多个分区)。所有在表中定义的列在每个数据集中都能找到,所以表的特性依然得以保持。
举个简单例子:一个包含十年发票记录的表可以被分区为十个不同的分区,每个分区包含的是其中一年的记录。(朋奕注:这里具体使用的分区方式我们后面再说,可以先说一点,一定要通过某个属性列来分割,譬如这里使用的列就是年份)
2. 垂直分区(Vertical Partitioning) 这种分区方式一般来说是通过对表的垂直划分来减少目标表的宽度,使某些特定的列 被划分到特定的分区,每个分区都包含了其中的列所对应的行。
举个简单例子:一个包含了大text和BLOB列的表,这些text和BLOB列又不经常被访问,这时候就要把这些不经常使用的text和BLOB了划分到另一个分区,在保证它们数据相关性的同时还能提高访问速度。
在数据库供应商开始在他们的数据库引擎中建立MySQL数据库分区(主要是水平分区)时,DBA和建模者必须设计好表的物理分区结构,不要保存冗余的数据(不同表中同时都包含父表中的数据)或相互联结成一个逻辑父对象(通常是视图)。这种做法会使水平分区的大部分功能失效,有时候也会对垂直分区产生影响
分区的一些优点包括:
与单个磁盘或文件系统分区相比,可以存储更多的数据。
对于那些已经失去保存意义的数据,通常可以通过删除与那些数据有关的分区,很容易地删除那些数据。相反地,在某些情况下,添加新数据的过程又可以通过为那些新数据专门增加一个新的分区,来很方便地实现。
通常和分区有关的其他优点包括下面列出的这些。MySQL数据库分区中的这些功能目前还没有实现,但是在我们的优先级列表中,具有高的优先级;我们希望在5.1的生产版本中,能包括这些功能。
一些查询可以得到极大的优化,这主要是借助于满足一个给定WHERE 语句的数据可以只保存在一个或多个分区内,这样在查找时就不用查找其他剩余的分区。因为分区可以在创建了分区表后进行修改,所以在第一次配置分区方案时还不曾这么做时,可以重新组织数据,来提高那些常用查询的效率。
涉及到例如SUM() 和 COUNT()这样聚合函数的查询,可以很容易地进行并行处理。这种查询的一个简单例子如 “SELECT salesperson_id, COUNT(orders) as order_total FROM sales GROUP BY salesperson_id;”。通过“并行”, 这意味着该查询可以在每个MySQL数据库分区上同时进行,最终结果只需通过总计所有分区得到的结果。
通过跨多个磁盘来分散数据查询,来获得更大的查询吞吐量。

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