Mysql索引的不足与注意事项
以上的相关内容我们都在说使用Mysql索引好的方面,但是如果过多的使用Mysql索引将会带来一些弊端。所以下面就有对Mysql索引的弊端的介绍,例如它会在一定程度上会对更新表的实际速度降低。 Mysql索引的不足之处 虽然索引大大提高了查询速度,同时却会降低更
以上的相关内容我们都在说使用Mysql索引好的方面,但是如果过多的使用Mysql索引将会带来一些弊端。所以下面就有对Mysql索引的弊端的介绍,例如它会在一定程度上会对更新表的实际速度降低。
Mysql索引的不足之处
虽然索引大大提高了查询速度,同时却会降低更新表的速度,如对表进行INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE。因为更新表时,MySQL不仅要保存数据,还要保存一下索引文件。
建立索引会占用磁盘空间的索引文件。一般情况这个问题不太严重,但如果你在一个大表上创建了多种组合索引,索引文件的会膨胀很快。
索引只是提高效率的一个因素,如果你的MySQL有大数据量的表,就需要花时间研究建立最优秀的索引,或优化查询语句。
使用Mysql索引的注意事项
使用索引时,有以下一些技巧和注意事项:
索引不会包含有NULL值的列
只要列中包含有NULL值都将不会被包含在索引中,复合索引中只要有一列含有NULL值,那么这一列对于此复合索引就是无效的。所以我们在数据库设计时不要让字段的默认值为NULL。
使用短索引
对串列进行索引,如果可能应该指定一个前缀长度。例如,如果有一个CHAR(255)的列,如果在前10个或20个字符内,多数值是惟一的,那么就不要对整个列进行索引。短索引不仅可以提高查询速度而且可以节省磁盘空间和I/O操作。
索引列排序
MySQL查询只使用一个索引,因此如果where子句中已经使用了索引的话,那么order by中的列是不会使用Mysql索引的。因此数据库默认排序可以符合要求的情况下不要使用排序操作;尽量不要包含多个列的排序,如果需要最好给这些列创建复合索引。
like语句操作
一般情况下不鼓励使用like操作,如果非使用不可,如何使用也是一个问题。like “%aaa%” 不会使用索引而like “aaa%”可以使用索引。
不要在列上进行运算
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>select * from users where YEAR(adddate)</span><span class="tag"><span class="tag-name">2007</span><span>; </span></span></span></li></ol>
将在每个行上进行运算,这将导致Mysql索引失效而进行全表扫描,因此我们可以改成
<ol class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>select * from users where adddate</span><span class="tag"><span>‘2007-01-01’; </span></span></span></li></ol>
不使用NOT IN和操作
以上,就对其中MySQL索引类型进行了介绍。

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