数据库厂商的发展历史之MySQL
MySQL这个名字,起源不是很明确。一个比较有影响的说法是,基本指南和大量的库和工具带有前缀“my”已经有10年以上,而且不管怎样,MySQL AB创始人之一的Monty Widenius的女儿也叫My。这两个到底是哪一个给出了MySQL这个名字至今依然是个密,包括开发者在内
MySQL这个名字,起源不是很明确。一个比较有影响的说法是,基本指南和大量的库和工具带有前缀“my”已经有10年以上,而且不管怎样,MySQL AB创始人之一的Monty Widenius的女儿也叫My。这两个到底是哪一个给出了MySQL这个名字至今依然是个密,包括开发者在内也不知道。
MySQL的海豚标志的名字叫“sakila”,它是由MySQL AB的创始人从用户在“海豚命名”的竞赛中建议的大量的名字表中选出的。获胜的名字是由来自非洲斯威士兰的开源软件开发者Ambrose Twebaze提供。根据Ambrose所说,Sakila来自一种叫SiSwati的斯威士兰方言,也是在Ambrose的家乡乌干达附近的坦桑尼亚的Arusha的一个小镇的名字。
MySQL,虽然功能未必很强大,但因为它的开源、广泛传播,导致很多人都了解到这个数据库。它的历史也富有传奇性。
MySQL的历史最早可以追溯到1979年,那时Oracle也才小打小闹,微软的SQL Server影子都没有。有一个人叫Monty Widenius, 为一个叫TcX的小公司打工,并用BASIC设计了一个报表工具,可以在4M主频和16KB内在的计算机上运行。过了不久,又将此工具,使用C语言重写,移植到Unix平台,当时,它只是一个很底层的面向报表的存储引擎。这个工具叫做Unireg。
可是,这个小公司资源有限,Monty天赋极高,面对资源有限的不利条件,他反而更能发挥潜能,总是力图写出最高效的代码。并因此养成了习惯。与Monty同在一起的还有一些别的同事,很少有人能坚持把那些代码持续写到20年后,而Monty却做到了。
1990年,TcX的customer 中开始有人要求要为它的API提供SQL支持,当时,有人想到了直接使用商用数据库算了,但是Monty觉得商用数据库的速度难令人满意。于是,他直接借助于mSQL的代码,将它集成到自己的存储引擎中。但不巧的是,效果并不太好。于是, Monty雄心大起,决心自己重写一个SQL支持。
1996年,MySQL 1.0发布,只面向一小拨人,相当于内部发布。到了96年10月,MySQL 3.11.1发布了,呵呵,没有2.x版本。最开始,只提供了Solaris下的二进制版本。一个月后,Linux版本出现了。
紧接下来的两年里,MySQL依次移植到各个平台下。它发布时,采用的许可策略,有些与众不同:允许免费商用,但是不能将MySQL与自己的产品绑定在一起发布。如果想一起发布,就必须使用特殊许可,意味着要花银子。当然,商业支持也是需要花银子的。其它的,随用户怎么用都可以。这种特殊许可为MySQL带来了一些收入,从而为它的持续发展打下了良好的基础。(细想想,PostgreSQL曾经有几年限入低谷,可能与它的完全免费,不受任何限制有关系)。
MySQL3.22应该是一个标志性的版本,提供了基本的SQL支持。
1999-2000年,有一家公司在瑞典成立了,叫MySQL AB (不知道AB是什么意思,待查)。 雇了几个人,与Sleepycat合作,开发出了 Berkeley DB引擎, 因为BDB支持事务处理,所以,MySQL从此开始支持事务处理了。
2000年4月,MySQL对旧的存储引擎进行了整理,命名为MyISAM。同时,2001年,Heikiki Tuuri向MySQL提出建议,希望能集成他们的存储引擎InnoDB,这个引擎同样支持事务处理,还支持行级锁。
如今,遗憾的是,BDB和InnoDB好像都被Oracle收购了,为了消灭竞争对手,哪怕是开源的,都是不择手段。
MySQL与InnoDB的正式结合版本是4.0。
到了MySQL5.0,2003年12月,开始有View, 存储过程之类的东东,当然,其间, bug也挺多。
在2008年1月16号 MySQL被Sun公司收购。
最近,MySQL的创始人Monty Widenius已经向Sun提交了辞呈。head都要走了。
据说,被Sun收购的公司多薄命,不知道MySQL今后前途如何,希望一路走好。相信MySQL的生命力还是很长久的。

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