Home Database Mysql Tutorial 安装MySQL步骤详解

安装MySQL步骤详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:04 PM
mysql Install step Detailed explanation

安装MySQL 假设你把所有必须的源码或者包都放在了/tmp下。如果你下载的是RPM包的话,那比较简单;如果你下载的是二进制包(你没有rpm程序或者你想自定义的话),那么会稍微麻烦一点。 RPM包安装 你必须成为root用户才能使用rpm安装程序,以下是安装过程: $

安装MySQL
假设你把所有必须的源码或者包都放在了/tmp下。如果你下载的是RPM包的话,那比较简单;如果你下载的是二进制包(你没有rpm程序或者你想自定义的话),那么会稍微麻烦一点。
RPM包安装
你必须成为root用户才能使用rpm安装程序,以下是安装过程:
$ cd /tmp
$ su
# rpm -Uvh MySQL*(安装和MySQL相关的所有包)
这将安装你下载的所有3个MySQL包。如果你的系统是RedHat Linux的话,建议使用RPM安装方式,因为所有的工作都由rpm程序帮你搞好了。
源码安装
相对于用RPM安装来讲,用二进制源码安装是稍微麻烦了点。但是我们可以在安装脚本中可以自定义安装的相关参数,而不用象rpm方式只能安装默认的来安装。
安装二进制源代码
如果你下载的是二进制源代码,它的名字类似于: mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz。你必须成为root用户,然后解压到 /usr/local目录,操作步骤如下:
$ cd /usr/local
$ su
# tar -zxvf /tmp/mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz
在所有文件解压完后,一个名字叫mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686的目录将被创建出来。mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686这么长):
# ln -s mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686 mysql
如果以后有新版本的MySQL的话,你可以仅仅将源码解压到新的路径,然后只需要做个符号链接就可以了。这样非常方便,数据也更加安全。
建立一个MySQL 用户
好,现在我们将建立一个能运行MySQL守护程序的用户帐号,并且所有MySQL文件都归此帐户拥有。使用 Linuxconf或者useradd命令去添加一个叫 mysql 的帐号,在添加之前,确保没有人注册了这个帐户,还要暂时禁止login功能(不过一般都是在没有其他人登陆的情况下调试机器,因此这个步骤可免)
为MySQL做准备
首先让我们将MySQL目录和文件的拥有权改成 mysql 用户和root组:
# cd /usr/local
# chown -R mysql:root mysql-3.22.21-pc-linux-gnu-i686 mysql
然后运行一个小脚本程序,以建立初始化的MySQL数据库。请以一个mysql 用户的身份完成这个任务,这也是我们能够直接使用这个帐户的唯一机会。
# su mysql
$ cd mysql
$ scripts/mysql_install_db
$ exit
如果没有任何出错信息显示的话,那就可以了。
自动运行MySQL
在MySQL二进制包里面,有一个叫myslq.server的启动脚本程序。把它复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d目录里面:
# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server mysql
接着把它的属性改为“x”(executable,可执行)
# chmod +x mysql
最后,运行chkconfig把MySQL添加到你系统的启动服务组里面去。
# /sbin/chkconfig --del mysql
# /sbin/chkconfig --add mysql
测试MySQL
MySQL里面有一个简单的数据库例子test ,而且它的内部数据库一直保持对权限和帐户的监视,因而先运行mysql看看是否可以工作。
首先启动MySQL:
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start
如果一切正常,你将看到以下的信息出现:
Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
如果你安装的是RPM包,那么程序大都安装在/usr/local/mysql/bin。在此目录下运行客户端程序:
# mysql
然后你可以看到屏幕显示出以下信息:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 3.22.21
Type 'help' for help.
mysql>
接着,用show databases命令可以将安装的数据库列出来:
mysql> show databases;
你就可以看到:
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql |
| test |
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果一切正常的话,那说明MySQL可以完全工作了!恭喜你!如果要退出程序,输入:exit
mysql> exit;
Bye
更改管理员密码
在一切正常后,要做的第一件事情是更改管理员的密码。你可以运行mysqladmin (请注意,此命令不一定在你的path中,所以最好是转到此命令的目录中直接执行):
# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword
此命令把root用户的口令变成newpassword。当然你可以把口令换成其它,因为这个很容易破解。
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