Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL入门学习(三)学习篇

MySQL入门学习(三)学习篇

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:01 PM
mysql getting Started Order Basic study operate

学习篇 了解了一些最基本的操作命令后,我们再来学习如何创建一个数据库和数据库表。 1、使用SHOW语句找出在服务器上当前存在什么数据库: mysql SHOW DATABASES; +----------+ | Database | +----------+ | mysql| | test | +----------+ 3 rows in set (0.

学习篇

了解了一些最基本的操作命令后,我们再来学习如何创建一个数据库和数据库表。

1、使用SHOW语句找出在服务器上当前存在什么数据库:

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql|
| test |
+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、创建一个数据库abccs
mysql> CREATE DATABASE abccs;
注意不同操作系统对大小写的敏感。

3、选择你所创建的数据库
mysql> USE abccs
Database changed
此时你已经进入你刚才所建立的数据库abccs.

4、 创建一个数据库表
首先看现在你的数据库中存在什么表:
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
说明刚才建立的数据库中还没有数据库表。下面来创建一个数据库表mytable:

我们要建立一个你公司员工的生日表,表的内容包含员工姓名、性别、出生日期、出生城市。
mysql> CREATE TABLE mytable (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1),
-> birth DATE, birthaddr VARCHAR(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

由于name、birthadd的列值是变化的,因此选择VARCHAR,其长度不一定是20。可以选择从
1到255的任何长度,如果以后需要改变它的字长,可以使用ALTER TABLE语句。);
性别只需一个字符就可以表示:"m"或"f",因此选用CHAR(1);
birth列则使用DATE数据类型。

创建了一个表后,我们可以看看刚才做的结果,用SHOW TABLES显示数据库中有哪些表:
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+---------------------+
| Tables in menagerie |
+---------------------+
| mytables|
+---------------------+

5、显示表的结构:
mysql> DESCRIBE mytable;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name| varchar(20) | YES | | NULL| |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL| |
| birth | date| YES | | NULL| |
| deathaddr | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL| |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、 往表中加入记录
我们先用SELECT命令来查看表中的数据:
mysql> select * from mytable;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
这说明刚才创建的表还没有记录。

加入一条新记录:
mysql> insert into mytable
-> values ('abccs','f','1977-07-07','china');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
再用上面的SELECT命令看看发生了什么变化。

我们可以按此方法一条一条地将所有员工的记录加入到表中。

7、用文本方式将数据装入一个数据库表
如果一条一条地输入,很麻烦。我们可以用文本文件的方式将所有记录加入你的数据库表中。
创建一个文本文件“mysql.txt”,每行包含一个记录,用定位符(tab)把值分开,并且以在
CREATE TABLE语句中列出的列次序给出,例如:

abccs f 1977-07-07 china  
mary f 1978-12-12 usa
tom m 1970-09-02 usa

使用下面命令将文本文件“mytable.txt”装载到mytable表中:
mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "mytable.txt" INTO TABLE pet;

再使用如下命令看看是否已将数据输入到数据库表中:
mysql> select * from mytable;

欢迎到 http://abccs.oso.com.cn 参观我的主页并提出意见,引用本文时请保留作者名字和主页地址。


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