Home Database Mysql Tutorial 戏谈数据库三范式

戏谈数据库三范式

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:58 PM
database paradigm

数据库三范式想必大家并不陌生,官方的解释很抽象,初学者比较难理解。对于这块知识,我是看了会,会了忘,忘了再看。每当别人问我的时候,必须先看看教材,回顾一段时间才能理清。 为什么当别人提问时不能立马把三范式的经典思想说出来呢?通过听米老师的“

数据库三范式想必大家并不陌生,官方的解释很抽象,初学者比较难理解。对于这块知识,我是看了会,会了忘,忘了再看。每当别人问我的时候,必须先看看教材,回顾一段时间才能理清。

为什么当别人提问时不能立马把三范式的经典思想说出来呢?通过听米老师的“如何高效学习”这堂课,我发现原因是我自己没有融入到三范式中,三范式没有和自己发生关系。下面,我用三个有趣的小故事帮助大家快速、深刻的理解三范式的含义。

第一范式,官方解释:关系模式R的每个关系r的属性值都是不可分的原子值。这个官方解释还不算太难,比如我们想把“电话号码”作为数据库字段,在“电话号码”下面又分“手机号码”和“座机号码”,这就违反了第一范式,用我的话说就是“把事说清了”。你只说“电话号码”,我知道你说的是“手机号码”还是“座机号码”?

第二范式,官方解释:非主属性必须完全函数依赖于R的主关系键。怎么样,有点晕了吧!比如:在SCD表中,有字段SNO,SN,Age,Dept,MN,CNo,Score。知道SNo可以确定SN、Age、Dept、MN,知道SNo、CNo可以确定Score。这个事好比土匪们选大哥,小弟SN、Age、Dept、MN选举SNo当土匪头子,Score选举SNo、CNo两个人共同当土匪头子。结果意见达不成一致,土匪们闹分裂,一句话“只要有一个人不同意,这事就不能通过”。大哥SNo带着小弟SN、Age、Dept、MN成立土匪旗号SD,大哥SNo又和CNo带着小弟Score合伙成立土匪旗号SC,到此,故事告一段落。

第三范式,官方解释:每个非主属性都不传递函数依赖于R的主关系键。这个怎么样,彻底晕了吧!比如:在SD表中,知道SNo可以确定Dept,知道Dept可以确定MN(系主任名)。这事咱接着上面第二范式的土匪故事接着讲,大哥SNo有小弟SN、Age、Dept、MN,但Dept特别有才,又把MN招为自己的小弟,天天忽悠MN,给MN灌输反动思想,终于有一天Dept带着MN独立了,成立了土匪旗号D。大哥SNo感觉SD已经不完整了,把土匪旗号改为S。SNo经过这次教训,决定下道命令:“一个人只能扮演一个角色”,否则就是不符合三范式,造成关系模式分解。

到此故事讲完了,想必通过这个小故事,大家肯定把三范式的精髓深深的刻在了脑中。

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