.NET数据库连接中的对象
在学习VB.NET视频时,其中有几个单元讲到了.NET的数据库设计与连接。对于数据库的连接,其实我们并不陌生,原来在做红皮书和机房收费系统的时候,我们都有接触过,可是,在我的印象中,这些关于数据库连接的知识很是模糊。对于数据库连接对象更是一知半解。
在学习VB.NET视频时,其中有几个单元讲到了.NET的数据库设计与连接。对于数据库的连接,其实我们并不陌生,原来在做红皮书和机房收费系统的时候,我们都有接触过,可是,在我的印象中,这些关于数据库连接的知识很是模糊。对于数据库连接对象更是一知半解。
回过头来,翻了一遍红皮书中的几个实例,里面讲到了利用ADO控件来连接数据库,它涉及到的数据库连接对象有7个(connection,command ,recordset,Field,Property,parameter,error)
那么对于如今学习的.net中数据库连接又涉及到了哪些对象呢?
其实,我们不难发现,无论是以前的ADO还是现在的.NET,在数据库连接中都存在两个永远不变的对象connection和command,那么在.net中它们是如何使用的呢?
1.Connection
数据库连接对象,负责连接数据库
具体使用:对于不同的数据提供者(provider)有不同的命名空间,但大体上都是一致的,如下所示以SQLserver为例:
Imports ss=System.Data.SqlClient '声明使用的命名空间 Dim sConn as string,dbConn as ss.SqlConnection sConn="Server=localhost; Database=Dbname;integrated Security=SSPI" '连接字符串 dbConn=new ss.SqlConnection(sConn) '使用前实例化连接对象 dbConn.Open() '至此,就可以连接上数据库来对数据库中的数据进行操作了
2.Command
数据库命令对象,主要用来执行包括增加,删除,修改及查询等操作命令,也可用来执行预存储程序。
根据数据库提供者类型可将command对象分为四类分别是SqlCommand,OledbCommand,OdbcCommand,OracleCommand.
使用时,只需将它进行实例化即可
Dim ssCmd as ss.SqlCommand ssCmd=new ss.SqlCommand(strSql,sConn) 'strSql为命令语句如select等,sConn为连接字符接上
当然,除此之外,command对象还有三个常用的方法:
ExecuteNonQuery():返回受影响的行数
ExecteScalar():从数据库中检索单个值,返回结果的第一行第一列
ExecuteReader():执行一个SQL语句,返回一个DataReader对象
谈到DataReader对象,这是什么意思呢?我们来介绍.net中的其余对象
3.DataReader
一个简单的数据集,用于从数据源中检索只读数据集,此对象在检索数据时,只允许只读、顺向方式读取数据,不能返回,同时,此对象可通过command对象中的ExecuteReader()方法从数据源中检索数据来创建。
它的read()方法用来读取下一条记录,若读到数据则返回TRUE,否则返回FALSE
在上述二者的基础上看看它的具体使用:
Dim ssReader as ss.SqlDataReader '和上面的command是一个道理 strSql="select * from Customers order by lastName ASC,firstName ASC;" ssReader=ExecuteReader()'执行SQL指令 '开始读记录,下面firstName和lastName为两个列名,共组成一条记录,每循环一次,返回一条记录 do while ssReader.Read() Fn=System.Convert.ToString(ssReader("firstName")) In=System.Convert.ToString(ssReader("lastName")) me.listbox1.Items.Add(In,+ Fn) loop
那么除此之外,在.设计.NET数据访问时,为了能够离线的对数据库进行操作,便将ADO数据连接中的Recordset对象用DataSet代替,来实现离线操作数据库的目的
在ADO中Recordset成为数据集对象,那么在.NET中的数据集对象就是DataSet了!
4.DataSet
通俗一点讲,其实就是一个离线的Recordset,用于离线处理数据,这是因为DataSet提供了一个离线的数据源(通常以表格形式显示),以减轻网络的负担。
如图所示,在DataSet的使用过程中,还需要借助于DataAdapter这个对象,那么DataAdapter在这里到底起什么作用呢?
其实,我们如果认真分析,如果DataSet在客户端想要进行离线处理,那么虽然说是自己来充当数据源,但是,如果它不和真正的数据源连接起来,那么最终还是起不到离线处理的效果。于是,我们必须在真正的数据源和DataSet之间建起一座桥梁,来使二者之间能够通信。那么这个桥梁就是DataAdapter,显然二者是不可分割的。我们来具体了解一下DataAdapter这个对象。
5.DataAdapter
.NET中的适配器对象,充当数据源和DataSet之间检索和保存数据的桥梁。那么他是如何实现二者之间的通信的呢?
首先,它通过数据库连接对象(connection)来连接数据源,其次,通过数据库命令对象(command)来使用规定的操作从数据源来检索数据将其送往DataSet,或从DataSet送往数据源。
通过上述介绍,对于DataSet和DataAdapter的具体功能有了一定的了解,那么二者是如何协调配合使用的呢?来看一个小例子:
仍然在上述connection和command部分代码的基础上进行操作:
Dim adapter as ss.SqlDataAdapter Dim ds as System.Data.DataSet ’通过下面的程式码来讲数据源中的数据传到DataSet中 Sql="select * from Products;" adapter=new ss.SqlDataAdapter(ssCmd) ’要传输的命令为ssCmd中的命令 ds=new System.Data.DataSet() '实例化dataset ssConn.Open() '这里的open和close方法可省略,dataset会自动检查连接是否成功 Adapter.Fill(ds) ssConn.Close() ’可利用下面的程式码来将dataset中的数据提取到listbox中 Ds.Tables("Table").TableName="Products" Dim row as System.Data.DataRow,name as string For each row in ds.Table("Products").Rows Name=convert.ToString(row.Item("ProductName")) Me.listBox1.Items.Add(name) Next row
以上就是在.net视频中讲到的有关ado.net数据库连接中常用到的对象。通过了解这些对象的基本功能和用法,我们可以对.net数据库连接有更近一步的了解.

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