Home Database Mysql Tutorial Linux下/dev/shm的大小引发ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on

Linux下/dev/shm的大小引发ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:53 PM

Oracle 11g的AMM内存管理模式就是使用/dev/shm,所以有时候修改MEMORY_TARGET或者MEMORY_MAX_TARGET会出现ORA-00845的错误,在安

Linux操作系统,Oracle 11.2.0.4 启动实例时出现如下错误:
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/initcssb.ora
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system


查看错误帮助信息
[oracle11@oracle11g dbs]$ oerr ora 845
00845, 00000, "MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system"
// *Cause: The MEMORY_TARGET parameter was not supported on this operating system or /dev/shm was not sized correctly on Linux.
// *Action: Refer to documentation for a list of supported operating systems. Or, size /dev/shm to be at least the SGA_MAX_SIZE on each Oracle instance running on the system.


错误原因是这个操作系统不支持MEMORY_TARGET参数或/dev/shm在Linux上的大小不正确造成的,这是该操作系统上的第二个实例,第一个实例设置了MEMORY_TARGET参数,所以并不是不支持这个参数,原因就只有/dev/shm大小不正确了,解决方法是要将/dev/shm的最小值设置为操作系统上运行实例SGA_MAX_SIZE所设置的大小。/dev/shm/是linux下一个目录,/dev/shm目录不在磁盘上,而是在内存里,因此使用linux /dev/shm/的效率非常高,直接写进内存。
tmpfs有以下特点:
1.tmpfs 是一个文件系统,而不是块设备;您只是安装它,它就可以使用了。
2.动态文件系统的大小。
3.tmpfs 的另一个主要的好处是它闪电般的速度。因为典型的 tmpfs 文件系统会完全驻留在 RAM 中,读写几乎可以是瞬间的。
4.tmpfs 数据在重新启动之后不会保留,因为虚拟内存本质上就是易失的。所以有必要做一些脚本做诸如加载、绑定的操作。

linux下/dev/shm的容量默认最大为内存的一半大小,使用df -h命令可以看到。但它并不会真正的占用这块内存,如果/dev/shm/下没有任何文件,它占用的内存实际上就是0字节;如果它最大为1G,里头放有100M文件,那剩余的900M仍然可为其它应用程序所使用,但它所占用的100M内存,是绝不会被系统回收重新划分的。

linux /dev/shm容量(大小)是可以调整,在有些情况下(如oracle数据库)默认的最大一半内存不够用,并且默认的inode数量很低一般都要调高些,这时可以用mount命令来管理它。
mount -o size=1500M -o nr_inodes=1000000 -o noatime,nodiratime -o remount /dev/shm
在2G的机器上,将最大容量调到1.5G,并且inode数量调到1000000,这意味着大致可存入最多一百万个小文件通过/etc/fstab文件来修改/dev/shm的容量(增加size选项即可),修改后,重新挂载即可。

这里该实例的SGA_MAX_SIZE为1G,下面的命令查看/dev/shm的大小。
[root@oracle11g ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              23G  20G  1.6G  93% /
/dev/sdb1            9.9G  5.8G  3.6G  62% /u02
tmpfs                2G    1.3M  0.7G  65% /dev/shm


从上面结果可以看到/dev/shm可用大小只有0.7G,执行下面的命令来进行修改。
[root@oracle11g ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                /                      ext3    defaults        1 1
/dev/sdb1              /u02                    ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                  /dev/shm                tmpfs  defaults,size=4G        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                  /sys                    sysfs  defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                  proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2        swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

"/etc/fstab" 7L, 540C written


卸载/dev/shm,,但/dev/shm正被访问
[root@oracle11g ~]#  umount /dev/shm
umount: /dev/shm: device is busy
umount: /dev/shm: device is busy


用fuser处理,fuser命令,-k:kill processes accessing the named file(杀死所有正在访问指定文件的进程),-m 表示指定文件所在的文件系统或者块设备(处于 mount 状态)。所有访问该文件系统的进程都被列出。
[root@oracle11g ~]# fuser -km /dev/shm
/dev/shm:            3152m  3154m  3156m  3160m  3162m  3164m  3166m  3168m  3170m  3172m  3174m  3176m  3178m  3180m  3182m  3184m  3186m  3193m  3195m  3197m  3199m  3201m  3236m  3248m  3250m  3256m  3292m  4366m
[root@oracle11g ~]#  umount /dev/shm
[root@oracle11g ~]# mount /dev/shm
[root@oracle11g ~]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              23G  20G  1.6G  93% /
/dev/sdb1            9.9G  5.8G  3.6G  62% /u02
tmpfs                4.0G    0  4.0G  0% /dev/shm


再重新启动实例
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/initcssb.ora
 ORACLE instance started.

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