Oracle各种备份术语
术语 整个数据库备份:包括所有数据文件和至少一个控制文件(请记住数据库中的所有控制文件都是相同的) 部分数据库备份:可能包括零个或多个表空间、零个或多个数据文件;可能包括也可能不包括控制文件 完全备份:为包含数据且位于要备份的文件中的每个数据
术语
整个数据库备份:包括所有数据文件和至少一个控制文件(请记住数据库中的所有控制文件都是相同的)
部分数据库备份:可能包括零个或多个表空间、零个或多个数据文件;可能包括也可能不包括控制文件
完全备份:为包含数据且位于要备份的文件中的每个数据块创建副本
增量备份:
为自以前某次备份以来发生更改的所有数据块创建副本。Oracle DB 支持两个级别的增量备份(0 和 1)。1 级增量备份可以为两种类型之一:“累积”或“差异”。累积备份用于备份自上次 0 级备份以来发生的所有更改。差异备份用于备份自上次增量备份以来发生的所有更改(可以为 0 级或 1 级备份)。
脱机备份(也称为“冷”备份或“一致”备份):
指在数据库未打开的情况下所执行的备份。之所以称为一致备份,是因为进行备份时,数据文件头中的系统更改号 (SCN) 与控制文件中的 SCN 相匹配。
联机备份(也称为“热”备份或“非一致”备份):
指在数据库打开的情况下所执行的备份。之所以称为非一致备份,是因为在数据库打开的情况下不能确保数据文件与控制文件同步。非一致备份需要在恢复后才能使用。
映像副本:指的是数据或归档日志文件的副本(类似于只使用操作系统命令复制文件)。
备份集:
指的是一个或多个二进制文件的集合,其中包含一个或多个数据文件、控制文件、服务器参数文件或归档日志文件。使用备份集时,不会存储空数据块,因此备份集在磁盘或磁带上占用的空间比较小。通过压缩备份集可进一步降低备份的空间要求。
映像副本必须备份到磁盘上。备份集可发送到磁盘或直接发送到磁带。
将备份存储为映像副本的优势在于可改善还原操作的粒度。使用映像副本时,只需从备份位置检索文件。使用备份集时,必须先从备份位置检索整个备份集,然后才能提取所需的文件。
将备份存储为备份集的优势在于可更好地利用空间。大多数数据库中,20% 或更多的数据块为空块。映像副本会备份每个数据块,即使数据块为空也会进行备份。备份集可显著降低备份所需的空间。在多数系统中,备份集的优势大于映像副本的优势。

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