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oracle热备份

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:50 PM
oracle backup case database use

热备份是在数据库运行的情况下,采用archivelog mode 方式备份数据库的方法,冷备份虽然操作简便,但因为备份需要关闭数据库,如果系统是一个7X24小时的运行的数据库,冷备份是不现实的,热备份的优缺点如 优点:a.可在表空间或数据库文件级备份、备份时间短

热备份是在数据库运行的情况下,采用archivelog mode 方式备份数据库的方法,冷备份虽然操作简便,但因为备份需要关闭数据库,如果系统是一个7X24小时的运行的数据库,冷备份是不现实的,热备份的优缺点如

优点:a.可在表空间或数据库文件级备份、备份时间短

        b.可达到秒级恢复(恢复到某一时间点上)

        c.可对几乎所有数据库实体做恢复

        d.恢复是快速的,在大多数情况下在数据库仍工作时恢复

        f.备份的数据库仍可用

缺点:a.难以维护,所以要特别仔细小心,不允许以失败而告终。

        b.若备份不成功,所得结果不可用于时间点的恢复

        c.不能出错,否则后果严重。

 

 

 

 

1关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate;
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

2

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes
Fixed Size                  1290208 bytes
Variable Size             130023456 bytes
Database Buffers          155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers                7098368 bytes
数据库装载完毕。

3

SQL> alter database archivelog;
数据库已更改。

4

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
------------------
READ WRITE

SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式            存档模式
自动存档             启用
存档终点            D:\oracle\arch
最早的联机日志序列     3
下一个存档日志序列   5
当前日志序列           5

5 如果设置成自动归档

alter system set log_archive_start=true scope=spfile;

6联机备份

先启动数据库

alter database open;

将表空间设置为备份模式

alter tablespace users begin backup;

当表空间设置为备份模式后就可以对其中的数据文件进行复制了,使用命令如下

host copy D:\ora11g\*.DBF E:\backup\

复制之后 就不要设置为备份模式了,因此可以返回正常模式

alter tablespace users end backup;

 7脱机备份,脱机备份的优点是会产生较少的重做日志文件,但缺点是当用户正在进行脱机备份时所备份的表空间将不能访问,由于system 系统表空间和正在使用

的undo表空间不能脱机,因此脱机备份不适用于system 表空间和正在使用的undo表空间


SQL> alter tablespace users offline;

表空间已更改。

SQL> host copy F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\*dbf F:\backup\
F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\EXAMPLE01.DBF
F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\SYSAUX01.DBF


SQL> alter tablespace users online;

表空间已更改。

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