MySQL 数据库几种引擎
主要参数 : 1) 、 key_buffer_size- 这对 MyISAM 表来说非常重要,是用来设置整个 MySQL 中常规 Key Cache 的大
主要参数:
1)、key_buffer_size- 这对MyISAM表来说非常重要,是用来设置整个MySQL中常规Key Cache的大小。一般来说,如果MySQL运行在32位平台,此值建议不超过2GB,如果是64位平台上则不用考虑此限制,但也最好不要超过4GB。
合理的值取决于索引大小、数据量以及负载 -- 记住,MyISAM表会使用操作系统的缓存来缓存数据,因此需要留出部分内存给它们,很多情况下数据比索引大多了。尽管如此,需要总是检查是否所有的key_buffer 都被利用了 -- .MYI 文件只有 1GB,而 key_buffer 却设置为 4GB 的情况是非常少的。这么做太浪费了。如果你很少使用MyISAM表,那么也保留低于 16-32MB 的 key_buffer_size 以适应给予磁盘的临时表索引所需。
2)、key_buffer_block_size- 索引缓存中的Cache Block Size.
用来设置每个Cache Block的大小,实际上也同时限定了将".MYI"文件中的Index Block被读入时File Block的大小。
次要参数:
1)、table_cache-- 打开一个表的开销可能很大。例如MyISAM把MYI文件头标志该表正在使用中。你肯定不希望这种操作太频繁,所以通常要加大缓存数量,使得足以最大限度 地缓存打开的表。它需要用到操作系统的资源以及内存,对当前的硬件配置来说当然不是什么问题了。如果你有200多个表的话,那么设置为1024 也许比较合适(每个线程都需要打开表),如果连接数比较大那么就加大它的值。我曾经见过设置为100,000 的情况。
2)、thread_cache-- 线程的创建和销毁的开销可能很大,因为每个线程的连接/断开都需要。我通常至少设置为 16。如果应用程序中有大量的跳跃并发连接并且 Threads_Created的值也比较大,那么我就会加大它的值。它的目的是在通常的操作中无需创建新线程。
3)、query_cache-- 如果你的应用程序有大量读,而且没有应用程序级别的缓存,那么这很有用。不要把它设置太大了,因为想要维护它也需要不少开销,这会导致MySQL变慢。通 常设置为 32-512Mb。设置完之后最好是跟踪一段时间,查看是否运行良好。在一定的负载压力下,如果缓存命中率太低了,就启用它。
4)、sort_buffer_size--如果你只有一些简单的查询,那么就无需增加它的值了,尽管你有 64GB 的内存。搞不好也许会降低性能。
与Key Cache相关的性能状态参数变量:
1)、key_cache_division_limit: 以百分比的形式将整个缓存区划分为多个区域。系统默认为100,即只有Warm Area实际上,在MySQL的Key Cache中所使用的LRU算法并不像传统算法,仅仅是访问频率,以及最后访问时间,并通过唯一的链表实现,而是将其分成了两部分。
2)、key_cache_age_threshold:控制各区域中的何时被降级,值越小,越容易降级到下一级area中表的扫描分为Sequential Scan和Radom Scan 2种方式,read_buffer_size设置sequential scan时使用的缓存,read_rnd_buffer_size设置radom scan时使用的缓存
3)、Key_blocks_not_flushed: 键缓存内已经更改但还没有清空到硬盘上的键的数据块数量。
4)、Key_blocks_unused: 键缓存内未使用的块数量。你可以使用该值来确定使用了多少键缓存;参见5.3.3节,“服务器系统变量”中Key_buffer_size的讨论。
5)、Key_blocks_used: 键缓存内使用的块数量。该值为高水平线标记,说明已经同时最多使用了多少块。
6)、Key_read_requests:从缓存读键的数据块的请求数。
7)、 Key_reads:从硬盘读取键的数据块的次数。如果Key_reads较大,则Key_buffer_size值可能太小。可以用Key_reads/Key_read_requests计算缓存损失率。
8)、Key_write_requests:将键的数据块写入缓存的请求数。
9)、Key_writes:向硬盘写入将键的数据块的物理写操作的次数。
10)、Last_query_cost:用查询优化器计算的最后编译的查询的总成本。用于对比同一查询的不同查询方案的成本。默认值0表示还没有编译查询。 默认值是0。Last_query_cost具有会话范围。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

SQL is a standard language for managing relational databases, while MySQL is a database management system that uses SQL. SQL defines ways to interact with a database, including CRUD operations, while MySQL implements the SQL standard and provides additional features such as stored procedures and triggers.

Redis is a memory data structure storage system, mainly used as a database, cache and message broker. Its core features include single-threaded model, I/O multiplexing, persistence mechanism, replication and clustering functions. Redis is commonly used in practical applications for caching, session storage, and message queues. It can significantly improve its performance by selecting the right data structure, using pipelines and transactions, and monitoring and tuning.

Safely handle functions and regular expressions in JSON In front-end development, JavaScript is often required...
