oracle view

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:44 PM
oracle view advantage user view limit

视图 视图具有以下优点 1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。 2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。 3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性

 视图

视图具有以下优点

   1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。

   2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。

   3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性,并且可以对最终用户屏蔽部分行。

 

        CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW [ { FORCE | NOFORCE }] view_name

       [ (alias_name[,alias_name ...])]  AS subquery

       [ WITH { CHECK OPTION | READ ONLY } CONSTRAINT constraint_name];

       其中OR REPLACE 说明如果视图已经存在,就替换现有视图。

     FROCE 说明即使基表不存在,也要创建视图,

    NOFORCE 说明如果基表不存在,就不创建视图,NOFORCE是默认值。

    subquery指定一个子查询。

    WIHT CHECK OPTION 说明只有子查询检索的行才能被插入,修改、删除。默认情况下,在插入、修改、删除行之前不会检索这些行是否被子查询检索

     WIHT READ ONLY 说明只能对基表中的行进行只读访问。

--简单视图

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products1

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price15;

      

CREATE VIEW  v_employees

AS

SELECTemployee_id,manager_id,first_name,last_name,title

FROM employees;

 

--对视图执行insert操作

INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (

product_id,product_type_id,name,price

       ) values (

       12,1,'Western Front',13.50

);

/**注意:只能对简单视图执行DML操作;复杂视图不支持DML操作.*****************/

--由于v_cheap_products没有使用WITH CHECK OPTION,因此可以插入、修改、删除那些子查询不能检索的行。

INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (

       product_id,product_type_id,name,price

 ) values (

14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5

 );

--以上插入了子查询不能检索的行,因此以下检索不到数据

SELECT *

FROMv_cheap_products

WHEREproduct_id =14;

--创建具有CHECK OPTION约束的视图:通过为视图添加CHECK OPTION约束,可以指定对视图执行DML操作必须满足子查询的条件

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products2

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price

WITH  CHECK  OPTION    CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v2_price;

 

--插入以下数据会报错

INSERTINTOv_cheap_products (

product_id,product_type_id,name,price

       ) values (

       14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5

       ); 

      

--创建只读视图:对于只读视图,不能对其执行DML操作

CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products3

AS

SELECT *

FROM products

WHERE price

WITH    READ   ONLY   CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v3_price;

 

--创建复杂视图

CREATEVIEWv_products_and _types

AS

SELECT p.name product_name,pt.nameproduct_type_name,p.price

FROM products p FULL   OUTER   JOIN  product_types  pt

USING(product_type_id)

      

CREATEVIEWv_employee_salary_grades

AS

SELECT  e.first_name,  e.last_name,  e.title,  e.salary, sa.salary_grade_id

FROM  employees e INNER   JOINsalary_grades   sg   ON   e.salary    BETWEEN   sg.low_salary  AND  sg.high_salary;

      

--下面这个例子创建视图v_product_average,子查询使用

/*WHERE 子句对products表中的行进行过滤,只保留那些价格低于$15的记录

       GROUP BY子句对剩余的行根据product_type_id列进行分组

       HAVING 子句对分组进行过滤,只保留那些平均价格低于$13的分组*/

CREATEVIEWv_product_average

AS

SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price

FROM products

WHERE price

GROUPBYproduct_type_id

HAVINGAVG(price) >13;

 

--修改视图CREATE OR REPLACE,使用ALTER VIEW可以修改视图的约束

CREATE OR REPLACE   VIEW   v_product_average

AS

SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price

FROM products

WHERE price

GROUPBYproduct_type_id

HAVINGAVG(price) >11;

 

--获取视图定义信息describe

DESC v_cheap_products3

--获取用户所创建的视图信息

select * from   user_views;

--获取可以访问的视图信息

select * from   all_views;

--获取有关视图的约束信息

select  constraint_name,constraint_type,status

from user_constraints

where  table_name   in ('V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS1','V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS2');

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