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iOS内存错误EXC_BAD_ACCESS的解决方法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:36 PM
access ios Memory method solve mistake

iOS开发,最郁闷的莫过于程序毫无征兆地就崩溃了,用bt命令打出调用栈,给出的是一堆系统EXC_BAD_ACCESS的信息,根本没办法定位问题出现在哪里。 首先说一下 EXC_BAD_ACCESS 这个 错误 ,可以这么说,90%的 错误 来源在于对一个已经释放的对象进行release操

iOS开发,最郁闷的莫过于程序毫无征兆地就崩溃了,用bt命令打出调用栈,给出的是一堆系统EXC_BAD_ACCESS的信息,根本没办法定位问题出现在哪里。 首先说一下 EXC_BAD_ACCESS 这个错误,可以这么说,90%的错误来源在于对一个已经释放的对象进行release操作。举一个简单的例子来说明吧,首先看一段Java代码:

复制代码 代码如下:


public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args){
String s = "This is a test string";
s = s.substring(s.indexOf("a"),(s.length()));
System.out.println(s);

}
}



通常这样的崩溃出现,原因一般就是:调用了已经释放的内存空间,或者说重复释放了某个地址空间。而怎样定位到这个地址呢,可以通过编辑xcode的scheme,添加如下标记位,让系统把错误地址打印出来,如图:

(通过Product->Scheme->Edit Scheme进入下面编辑页面,选中Arguments tab,增加标计位NSZombieEnabled设为YES)

这样,但崩溃出现,系统会出现以下提示信息:

2013-06-23 00:45:20.479 *** -[__NSArrayM addObject:]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x7179910

可见崩溃原因是内存地址0x7179910被重复释放了。

Objective-C 这段代码有三个致命问题:1、内存泄露;2、错误释放;3、造成 EXC_BAD_ACCESS 错误

如果崩溃是发生在当前调用栈,通过上面的做法,系统就会把崩溃原因定位到具体代码中。但是,如果崩溃不在当前调用栈,系统就仅仅只能把崩溃地址告诉我们,而没办法定位到具体代码,这样我们也没法去修改错误。这时就可以修改scheme,让xcode记录每个地址alloc的历史,这样我们就可以用命令把这个地址还原出来。如图:(跟设置NSZombieEnabled一样,添加MallocStackLoggingNoCompact,并且设置为YES)

这样,当出现崩溃原因是message sent to deallocated instance 0x7179910,我们可以使用以下命令,把内存地址还原:

info malloc-history 0x7179910

如图,这个命令能具体把这个地址在哪一行代码生成还原出来。

(需要注意的是,因为这个命令只支持gdb,所以必须把控制台的输出改成gdb,并且有点遗憾的是,只支持模拟器,不支持真机调试)

(同样是通过Product->Scheme->Edit Scheme进入上面编辑页面,选中Info tab)

这样,好好检查一下那一行的代码,应该就很容易找出问题所在了。

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