Home Database Mysql Tutorial mysql查询操作

mysql查询操作

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:34 PM
fr mysql select operate Inquire Record choose

1、选择所有的记录 select * from table_name; 其中*表示表中的所有字段。 2、查询不重复的记录 用关键字distinct select distinct 字段名 from 表名; 3、条件查询 用关键字where select * from 表名 where 条件; where后面的条件是一个字段的比较,可以使

1、选择所有的记录

   select * from table_name;

   其中*表示表中的所有字段。

 

2、查询不重复的记录

   用关键字distinct

   select distinct  字段名  from  表名;

  

3、条件查询

   用关键字where

   select * from 表名 where 条件;

   where后面的条件是一个字段的比较,可以使用=、>、=、

 

4、排序和限制

   用关键字order by  desc(降序), asc(升序),limit(排序结果显示一部分)

   order by后面可以跟多个不同的排序字段,并且每个排序字段可以有不同的排序顺序。

   例如:把emp表中的记录按照工资sal的高低顺序排序。

   select * from emp order by sal;  

   select * from emp order by sal,deptno desc;(sal升序,septno降序)

   先按第一个字段排序,当第一个字段相同时,按照第二个字段排序。

  

   select······limit offset_start, row_count;

   offset_start表示起始偏移量,默认值为0。 row_count表示显示的行数。

   例如:select * from emp order by sal limit 1,3;

   显示前3条记录,起始偏移量为1,从第二条记录开始显示。

   order  by 和limit 通常一起使用来控制记录的分页显示

  

5、聚合

   很多情况下,用户需要一些汇总操作,例如统计整个公司的人数或者每个部门的人数。

   语法:

   select 字段1,字段2.。。函数名 from 表名  where where_condition1  group by  字段11,字段12 with rollup  having  where_condition2; 

   函数名表示要做的聚合操作,就是聚合函数,常用的有sum(求和)、count(*)(记录数)、max(最大值)、min(最小值)。

   group by 关键字表示要进行分类聚合的字段、

   having 关键字表示对分类后的结果在进行条件的过滤。

   having和where的区别是having是对聚合后的结果进行条件的过滤,而where是在聚合前就对记录进行过滤,如果逻辑允许,我们可以用where先进行过滤,这样结果集变小了,将对聚合的效率大大的提高,最后在根据逻辑看是否用having进行再过滤。

select sum(sal), max(sal), min(sal) from emp;

 

6、表连接

   当需要同时显示多个表中的字段时,就可以用表连接来实现这样的功能。

   从大类上分,表连接分为内连接和外连接,它们之间的最主要的区别是内连接仅选出两张表中互相匹配的记录,而外连接会会选出其他不匹配的记录。我们最常用的是内连接。

   例如:查询出所有雇员的名字和所在的部门名称,因为雇员名称和部门分别放在表emp和表dept中,因此,需要使用表连接来进行查询。

   select ename, deptname from emp, dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

 (ename是表emp中的字段,deptname是dept表中的字段)

 

  外连接又分为左链接和右连接(关键字left join和 right join

   连接:包含所有的边表中的记录甚至是边表中没有和他匹配的记录。

   连接:包含所有的边表中的记录甚至是边表中没有和他匹配的记录。

   例如:select ename, deptname from emp left join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

         select ename, deptname from dept right join emp on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

         ename是表emp中的字段,deptname是dept表中的字段。 就是包含表emp中的所有记录。     以上两条语句等价。

 

7、字查询

   在某些情况下,当进行查询的时候,需要的条件是另外一个select语句的结果,这个时候,就要用到子查询。用于子查询的关键字主要包括in、not in、=、!=、exists、not exists等。

    

   select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept);

   (表示的意思就是就表emp中的所有记录,除去dept表对应的部门不存在的删掉。)

 

 在某些情况下,子查询可以转化成表连接。例如,上面的语句可以写成:

   select emp.* from emp, dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;

 

8、记录联合

   我们经常会碰到这样的应用,将两个表的数据按照一定的查询条件查询出来后,将结果合并到一起显示出来。这个时候,就需要用到union和 union all关键字来实现这样的功能。union和union all的区别:union all 是把结果集合并在一起,而union是将union all后的结果进行一次distict,去除重复记录。

   select * from table1  union| union all select * from table2;

   例如:

   ① select deptno from emp  union all select deptno from dept;

   ② select deptno from emp  union select deptno from dept;

   ①中的记录将会有重复记录,②中没有重复记录。

 

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1663
14
PHP Tutorial
1266
29
C# Tutorial
1238
24
MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications Apr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Laravel Introduction Example Laravel Introduction Example Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:45 PM

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions MySQL and phpMyAdmin: Core Features and Functions Apr 22, 2025 am 12:12 AM

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Solve database connection problem: a practical case of using minii/db library Solve database connection problem: a practical case of using minii/db library Apr 18, 2025 am 07:09 AM

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison Apr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Laravel framework installation method Laravel framework installation method Apr 18, 2025 pm 12:54 PM

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database Management MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database Management Apr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

Solve MySQL mode problem: The experience of using the TheliaMySQLModesChecker module Solve MySQL mode problem: The experience of using the TheliaMySQLModesChecker module Apr 18, 2025 am 08:42 AM

When developing an e-commerce website using Thelia, I encountered a tricky problem: MySQL mode is not set properly, causing some features to not function properly. After some exploration, I found a module called TheliaMySQLModesChecker, which is able to automatically fix the MySQL pattern required by Thelia, completely solving my troubles.

See all articles