ORACLE Subtype
定义子类型 我们可以在任何PL/SQL块、子程序或包中定义自己的子类型,语法如下: SUBTYPE subtype_name IS base_type[(constraint)] [NOT NULL ]; subtype_name就是声明的子类型的名称,base_type可以是任何标量类型或用户定义类型,约束只是用于限定基类型
定义子类型
我们可以在任何PL/SQL块、子程序或包中定义自己的子类型,语法如下:
SUBTYPE subtype_name IS base_type[(constraint)] [NOT NULL ];
subtype_name就是声明的子类型的名称,base_type可以是任何标量类型或用户定义类型,约束只是用于限定基类型的精度和数值范围,或是最大长度。下面举几个例子:
DECLARE
SUBTYPE birthdate IS DATE NOT NULL ; -- based on DATE type
SUBTYPE counter IS NATURAL ; -- based on NATURAL subtype
TYPE namelist IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2 (10);
SUBTYPE dutyroster IS namelist; -- based on TABLE type
TYPE timerec IS RECORD (
minutes INTEGER ,
hours INTEGER
);
SUBTYPE finishtime IS timerec; -- based on RECORD type
SUBTYPE id_num IS emp.empno%TYPE ; -- based on column type
我们可以使用%TYPE或%ROWTYPE来指定基类型。当%TYPE提供数据库字段中的数据类型时,子类型继承字段的大小约束(如果有的话)。但是,子类型并不能继承其他约束,如NOT NULL。
2、使用子类型
一旦我们定义了子类型,我们就可以声明该类型的变量、常量等。下例中,我们声明了Counter类型变量,子类型的名称代表了变量的使用目的:
DECLARE
SUBTYPE counter IS NATURAL ;
ROWS counter;
下面的例子演示了如何约束用户自定义子类型:
DECLARE
SUBTYPE accumulator IS NUMBER ;
total accumulator(7, 2);
子类型还可以检查数值是否越界来提高可靠性。下例中我们把子类型Numeral的范围限制在-9到9之间。如果程序把这个范围之外的数值赋给Numeral类型变量,那么PL/SQL就会抛出一个异常。
DECLARE
SUBTYPE numeral IS NUMBER (1, 0);
x_axis numeral; -- magnitude range is -9 .. 9
y_axis numeral;
BEGIN
x_axis := 10; -- raises VALUE_ERROR
...
END ;
http://blog.csdn.net/ZengMuAnSha/archive/2010/03/30/5431728.aspx

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