MongoDB初探-介绍与环境搭建
一、简介 随着互联网web2.0网站的兴起,传统的关系数据库在应付web2.0网站,特别是超大规模和高并发的SNS类型的web2.0纯动态网站已经显得力不从心,暴露了很多难以克服的问题,而非关系型的数据库则由于其本身的特点得到了非常迅速的发展。MongoDB非凡的表现
一、简介
随着互联网web2.0网站的兴起,传统的关系数据库在应付web2.0网站,特别是超大规模和高并发的SNS类型的web2.0纯动态网站已经显得力不从心,暴露了很多难以克服的问题,而非关系型的数据库则由于其本身的特点得到了非常迅速的发展。MongoDB非凡的表现使其在NoSQL中占有重要地位,当然其他的NoSQL数据库,比如CouchDB,Redis,Hbase等也各有千秋。本系列将带领大家领略MongoDB的魅力。
1、MongoDB是什么?
MongoDB是一种强大,灵活,可扩展的数据存储方式。它扩展了关系型数据库的众多有用功能,如辅助索引,范围查询(range query)和排序。MongoDB的功能非常丰富,比如内置的对MapReduce式聚合的支持,以及对地理空间索引的支持。
2、为什么使用MongoDB?
2.1、丰富的数据模型。由于MongoDB没有模式,所以支持的数据模型也就相等丰富(基本支持现实生活中的所有数据模型),并且容易变更。
2.2、容易扩展。MongoDB采用的面向文档的数据模型使其可以自动在多台服务器之间分割数据,它还可以平衡集群的数据和负载,自动重排文档。如果需要扩充容量,只需在集群中添加新机器即可。
2.3、丰富的功能。
2.3.1、索引。MongoDB支持通用辅助索引,能进行多种快速查询,也提供唯一的,复合的和地理空间索引能力。
2.3.2、存储JavaScript。开发人员可以支持在服务器端存取JavaScript的函数和值,而不用使用关系型数据库中的存储过程。
2.3.3、聚合。MongoDB支持MapReduce和其他聚合工具,这为云计算提供支持。
2.3.4、固定集合。集合的大小有上限,这对某些类型的数据(比如日志)特别有用。
2.3.5、文件存储。MongoDB支持用BSON(Binary JSON)格式的协议存储大型文件和文件的元数据。
2.4、卓越的性能。MongoDB使用MongoDB传输协议作为与服务器交互的主要方式,比HTTP/REST协议要节省很多开销。默认存储引擎使用内存映射文件,将内存管理工作交给操作系统处理。
2.5、管理方便。MongoDB通过尽可能的让服务器自动配置来简化数据库服务器的管理,比如主/备切换,集成环境新节点的集成和配置等。
二、安装与启动
1、MongoDB安装很简单,只需要根据操作系统的版本从官网http://www.mongodb.org/downloads上下载对应的二进制压缩包,解压,执行安装即可。可以将MongoDB的bin路径放到PATH变量中,这样方便从控制台访问MongoDB。
2、创建数据库文件存放目录,默认为C:\data\db.如果不是默认目录,则需要在启动MongoDB时指定数据目录。
3、打开命令提示(cmd.exe),进入MongoDB解压目录下(如果加入PATH时可以省略),然后执行
bin/mongod.exe
>mongod --dbpath E:\Study\MongoDB\db
使用--install参数将MongoDB作为服务安装,如下:
>mongod --dbpath "\"E:\Study\MongoDB\db\"" --install

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