Home Database Mysql Tutorial MYSQL子查询的五种形式

MYSQL子查询的五种形式

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:21 PM
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mysql从4.1版开始支持子查询功能,在此版本前,可以用join写连表查询来进行替代,但不推荐这么写,相当的麻烦。mysql子查询的几种常见写法: select * from xxx where col=[ any | all ]( select * from xxxx); 该句法可分为加关键词和不加关键词的写法,当

mysql从4.1版开始支持子查询功能,在此版本前,可以用join写连表查询来进行替代,但不推荐这么写,相当的麻烦。mysql子查询的几种常见写法:

<ol><li><span><span>select</span><span> * </span><span>from</span><span> xxx </span><span>where</span><span> col = [</span><span>any</span><span>|</span><span>all</span><span>](</span><span>select</span><span> * </span><span>from</span><span> xxxx); </span></span></li></ol>
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该句法可分为加关键词和不加关键词的写法,当不加关键词的时候,子查询语句返回的是一个离散值(注意是一个),查询语句将以子查询语句的结果作为自己 where子句的条件进行查询,该句法可以在子查询语句前加入any、all、some等关键字,此时子查询语句返回的是一组离散值。any则表示,查询语句是以子查询返回的值作为一个范围,在此值范围内进行查询,其与in关键字相像;all关键不太好了解,表示起全部匹配啥的。

<ol><li><span><span>select</span><span> * </span><span>from</span><span> xxx </span><span>where</span><span> col </span><span>in</span><span> (</span><span>select</span><span> * </span><span>from</span><span> xxxx); </span></span></li></ol>
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该 句法相当的明了,就是查询语句的where子句是以子查询语句的结果作为其范围的,与上一种语法的any相似。

<ol><li><span><span>select</span><span> row(value1,value2.....) = [</span><span>any</span><span>](selectcol1,col2..); </span></span></li></ol>
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该语句的执行实质是:子查询语句的执行所得的结果与查询的结果集匹配,若能找到匹配的返回真,否则返回假,并且两边的结果集都是一组离散值。

<ol><li><span><span>select</span><span>  .... </span><span>where</span><span> col = [</span><span>not</span><span>] exists (</span><span>select</span><span>......); </span></span></li></ol>
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该语句比较蹩脚,其执行是这样的:当子查询进行操作,有返回结果的时候,该语句才会执行,而且有多少个结果,语句就执行几次。

<ol><li><span><span>select</span><span> .... </span><span>from</span><span> (</span><span>select</span><span> .....) </span><span>as</span><span> </span><span>name</span><span> </span><span>where</span><span> ...... </span></span></li></ol>
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该句法,在平时用的比较少,而且并不好理解。其实是这么一回事,通过子查询执行的结果来构造一张新的表(这个表是一张衍生数据表,是一张虚拟的表),其用来作为主句的查询的对象,该句法功能非常强大,在一些复杂的查询中会经常用到。

子查询虽然挺方便,但其有不少缺点,其不支持limit,而且经实验证明其执行效率相当不理想,在一般的情况下,还是不推荐使用子查询。

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