使用SQLCMD在SQLServer执行多个脚本
概述: 作为 DBA ,经常要用开发人员提供的 SQL 脚本来更新正式数据库,但是一个比较合理的开发流程,当提交脚本给 DBA 执行的时候,可能已经有几百个 sql 文件,并且有执行顺序,如我现在工作的公司,十几个客户,每个客户一个库,但是数据库结构、存储过程
概述:
作为DBA,经常要用开发人员提供的SQL脚本来更新正式数据库,但是一个比较合理的开发流程,当提交脚本给DBA执行的时候,可能已经有几百个sql文件,并且有执行顺序,如我现在工作的公司,十几个客户,每个客户一个库,但是数据库结构、存储过程、视图等都是一模一样,每次执行脚本(以下称为升级),如果有一百个脚本,那么就要按顺序执行过千次,这种工作量可不是一个人能承受得了的。
解决方法:
应对这种情况有以下几种方法:
1、 购买第三方软件(一般估计很少人买)
2、 自己编程一个小软件来执行,但是这个逻辑性要求比较高,而且编程的能力要有一定层次,这个我暂时没有。
3、 使用本文介绍的方法,至于是啥,接着看:
使用SQLCMD在SQLServer上执行多个脚本:
SQLCMD:使用 sqlcmd 实用工具,可以在命令提示符处、在 SQLCMD 模式下的“查询编辑器”中、在 Windows 脚本文件中或者在 SQL Server 代理作业的操作系统 (Cmd.exe) 作业步骤中输入 Transact-SQL 语句、系统过程和脚本文件。 此实用工具使用 ODBC 执行 Transact-SQL 批处理。(来源于MSDN)详细语法可以到网上查找,这里就不贴出来。
SQLCMD有一个很重要的命令::r,记住,SQLCMD是大小写敏感的。当:r发现正在运行SQL脚本,它会告诉SQLCMD把这个文件所引用的文件一并放入调用脚本中。这将告诉你,停止目前的单个查询。并重新调整查询,把应该关联的查询放到适当的位置。另外,使用:r命令在一个批处理中执行多个脚本,使得你可以定义一个单独的变量集,用于包含所有脚本,但是不包含GO终结符。从2005以后引入SQLCMD,可以用于将来替代osql工具。如果你不熟悉SQLCMD,可以认为它是一个能从操作系统执行T-SQL命令和脚本的命令行工具。
下面例子中,创建5个作用在TestDB数据库上有关联的sql文件。第一个脚本叫做CREATE_DB.sql,用于创建一个叫做TestDB的数据库。这个脚本包含了4个其他的脚本(使用了:r命令。),用于生成其他表、表插入、索引创建和存储过程的创建。一个.bat文件用于创建用来执行SQLCMD命令。
第一步:先创建一个在C盘下的文件夹:C:\Scripts。然后把脚本存放到这个文件夹中:
脚本1:CREATE_DB.sql
/* SCRIPT: CREATE_DB.sql */ /* 创建TestDB数据库 */ -- This is the main caller for each script SET NOCOUNT ON GO PRINT '开始创建TestDB数据库' IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM SYS.DATABASES WHERE NAME = 'TestDB') DROP DATABASE TestDB GO CREATE DATABASE TestDB GO :On Error exit :r c:\Scripts\CREATE_TABLES.sql :r c:\Scripts\TABLE_INSERTS.sql :r c:\Scripts\CREATE_INDEXES.sql :r c:\Scripts\CREATE_PROCEDURES.sql PRINT '创建完毕' GO
脚本2:CREATE_INDEXES.sql
/* 创建索引 */ PRINT '开始创建索引' GO USE TestDB GO IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM SYS.INDEXES WHERE NAME = 'IX_EMPLOYEE_LASTNAME' ) CREATE INDEX IX_EMPLOYEE_LASTNAME ON DBO.EMPLOYEE(LASTNAME, FIRSTNAME) GO IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM SYS.INDEXES WHERE NAME = 'IX_TIMECARD_EMPLOYEEID' ) CREATE INDEX IX_TIMECARD_EMPLOYEEID ON DBO.TIMECARD(EMPLOYEEID) GO
脚本3:CREATE_PROCEDURES.sql
/* 创建存储过程 */ PRINT '正在创建存储过程' GO USE TestDB GO IF OBJECT_ID('GET_EMPLOYEE_TIMECARDS') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE DBO.GET_EMPLOYEE_TIMECARDS GO CREATE PROCEDURE DBO.GET_EMPLOYEE_TIMECARDS @EMPLOYEEID INT AS SET NOCOUNT ON SELECT * FROM DBO.EMPLOYEE E JOIN DBO.TIMECARD T ON E.EMPLOYEEID = T.EMPLOYEEID WHERE E.EMPLOYEEID = @EMPLOYEEID ORDER BY DATEWORKED GO
脚本4:CREATE_TABLES.sql
/* 创建数据表 */ PRINT '正在创建数据表 ' GO USE TestDB GO IF OBJECT_ID('EMPLOYEE') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE DBO.EMPLOYEE GO CREATE TABLE DBO.EMPLOYEE ( EMPLOYEEID INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY , FIRSTNAME VARCHAR(50) , LASTNAME VARCHAR(50) ) GO IF OBJECT_ID('TIMECARD') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE DBO.TIMECARD GO CREATE TABLE DBO.TIMECARD ( TIMECARDID INT IDENTITY(1, 1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY , EMPLOYEEID INT NOT NULL , HOURSWORKED TINYINT NOT NULL , HOURLYRATE MONEY NOT NULL , DATEWORKED DATETIME NOT NULL ) GO DECLARE @TOTAL_TABLES INT SET @TOTAL_TABLES = 2
脚本5:TABLE_INSERTS.sql
/* 插入表数据 */ PRINT 'TOTAL TABLES CREATED = ' + CAST(@TOTAL_TABLES AS VARCHAR) GO PRINT '正在插入数据到表 EMPLOYEE' GO USE TestDB GO INSERT INTO DBO.EMPLOYEE ( FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME ) SELECT 'JOHN' , 'DOE' GO INSERT INTO DBO.EMPLOYEE ( FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME ) SELECT 'JANE' , 'DOE' GO INSERT INTO DBO.EMPLOYEE ( FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME ) SELECT 'JEFF' , 'DOE' GO
第二步:在C盘根目录下创建一个bat文件create_db.bat,用于执行SQLCMD:
SQLCMD -E -dmaster -ic:\Scripts\create_db.sql PAUSE
第三步:在C盘下直接执行bat文件:
双击文件可以看到:
在执行前,是没有TestDB:
执行中:
执行后,该创建的东西都创建出来了:
由于执行的顺序已经在脚本1中定义好,所以直接执行即可,并且执行成功。
总结:
根据个人经验,还是开发一个批量执行工具会比较好,这个方法在少量脚本的时候可以选用。

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