Table of Contents
前言:
准备工作:
步骤:
分析:
Home Database Mysql Tutorial 第十二章SQLServer统计信息(2)非索引键上统计信息的影

第十二章SQLServer统计信息(2)非索引键上统计信息的影

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:18 PM
sqlserver information Preface index statistics

前言: 索引 对性能方面总是扮演着一个重要的角色,实际上,查询优化器首先检查谓词上的 统计 信息 ,然后才决定用什么 索引 。一般情况下,默认会在创建 索引 时, 索引 列上均创建 统计 信息 。但是不代表在非 索引 键上的 统计 信息 对性能没有用。 如果

前言:

        索引对性能方面总是扮演着一个重要的角色,实际上,查询优化器首先检查谓词上的统计信息,然后才决定用什么索引。一般情况下,默认会在创建索引时,索引列上均创建统计信息。但是不代表在非索引键上的统计信息对性能没有用。

        如果表上的所有列都有索引,那么将会是数据库负担不起,同时也不是一个好想法,包括谓词中用到的所有列加索引同样也不是好方法。因为索引会带来负载。因为需要空间存放索引,且每个DML语句都会需要更新索引

        一般来说,建议在where或者ON子句中出现的列上添加索引,但是由于某些情况,很难在所有的谓词上都创建索引,此时创建统计信息会是一个最起码的改进。如果Auto_Create_StatisticsON,那么优化器会帮你做这一步。

 

准备工作:

默认情况下,Auto_Create_Statistics在数据库级别是设为ON的,但是为了下面需要这里先改成OFF

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2012 SET AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS OFF
GO
ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks2012 SET AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS OFF
GO
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然后创建一个新表用于本文使用:

SELECT  *
INTO    SalesOrdDemo
FROM    Sales.SalesOrderHeader
GO
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步骤:

1、  对于新表,现在是没有统计信息在上面的,可以使下面语句来验证:

 

SELECT  object_id ,
        OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS TableName ,
        name AS StatisticsName ,
        auto_created
FROM    sys.stats
WHERE   object_id = OBJECT_ID('SalesOrdDemo')
ORDER BY object_id DESC 
GO
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因为没有统计信息,所以这个查询是没有数据的。

2、  现在在新表上创建一个聚集索引

 

 CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_SalesOrdDemo_SalesOrderID ON SalesOrdDemo(SalesOrderID)
GO
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3、  再次运行步骤一的脚本,可以看到已经有了数据,现在来执行下面的语句,并开启执行计划:

 

SELECT  s.salesorderid ,
        so.SalesOrderDetailID
FROM    salesordDemo AS s
        INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS so ON s.salesorderid = so.SalesOrderID
WHERE   s.duedate = '2005-09-19 00:00:00.000'
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4、  下面截图是步骤3中的执行计划,关注一下SalesOrdDemo表上有聚集索引扫描,这是合理的,因为没有WHERE子句在使用SalesOrderID列。而SalesOrderDetails表有非聚集索引扫描。还可以看到实际行数和估计行数有很大差异。

 

第十二章SQLServer统计信息(2)非索引键上统计信息的影

5、  现在是时候在新表的DueDate上创建统计信息,因为在查询中这个列并不包含在索引里面。

CREATE STATISTICS st_SaledOrdDemo_DueDate ON SalesOrdDemo(DueDate)
GO
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6、  再次执行步骤3的脚本,不需要任何改动:

 

SELECT  s.salesorderid ,
        so.SalesOrderDetailID
FROM    salesordDemo AS s
        INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail AS so ON s.salesorderid = so.SalesOrderID
WHERE   s.duedate = '2005-09-19 00:00:00.000'
Copy after login
Copy after login


 

 

7、  对比上面的执行计划,此时在SalesOrderDetails表上已经从非聚集索引扫描变成了聚集索引查找,且开销只有2%,更总要的是实际行数和预估行数相差无几:

 第十二章SQLServer统计信息(2)非索引键上统计信息的影

分析:

如果优化器可以获得谓词上列的统计信息,那么相会知道将要返回的行数,并且帮助优化器选择最佳的执行方式。

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