Home Database Mysql Tutorial oracle中PCTFREE, PCTUSED, INITRANS, MAXTRANX参数

oracle中PCTFREE, PCTUSED, INITRANS, MAXTRANX参数

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:15 PM
oracle

1. PCTFREE 要形容一个 BLOCK 的运作,我们可以把一个 BLOCK 想成一个水杯。侍者把水倒入放在我们面前的水杯,要多满呢,我们要求他倒 9 分满好了,这时候 PCTFREE 代表着设定为 10 ,意思就是说,当 BLOCK 使用到达 90% 的时候,就不可以在使用了,这个 BLO

1. PCTFREE

要形容一个 BLOCK 的运作,我们可以把一个 BLOCK 想成一个水杯。侍者把水倒入放在我们面前的水杯,要多满呢,我们要求他倒 9 分满好了,这时候 PCTFREE 代表着设定为 10 ,意思就是说,当 BLOCK 使用到达 90% 的时候,就不可以在使用了,这个 BLOCK 应该从 FREELIST 列表中移除 (un-link) 。为何要保留 10% 的空间呢?这是为了提供 update 数据时所可能增加的空间使用,如果空间保留的太小,就容易发生 row chaining 。

2. PCTUSED

PCTUSED 代表着这杯水什么时候可以添加,假设 PCTUSED 为 40 ,代表当我们把水杯的水喝到剩下 40% 以下时,侍者就会知道需要加水了。你想想看,如果说在餐厅里妳每喝一口水侍者就来加水,你会不会觉得很烦,对餐厅来说,也要派很多人不断帮每桌客人加水,这生意还能做吗?所以说, PCTUSED 代表着 re-link 回 FREELIST 的意义,如果说 PCTUSED 设的太大,例如 70 好了,代表这杯水你随便喝一口侍者就要来加水了,这隐含的意义是,这个杯子的利用率增加,但是侍者频繁的服务造成了负荷 (I/O Overhead) 。 PCTUSED 设小一点,例如 10 ,代表当水喝到剩下 10% 的时候 ( 如同 DELETE 事务操作 ) ,才须要放回 FREELIST ,代表可以加水了 ( 如同 INSERT 事务操作 ) 。

简单的说,如果希望储存空间发挥最大使用效益,可以把PCTUSED设大一点,相反的,如果想要提高IO效能,应该把PCTUSED设定小一点。

FREELIST 储存着可使用的 BLOCK 信息,当 BLOCK 被 DELETE 数据使用量下降到 PCTUSED 时,就会重新放置到 FREELIST 上,让其它交易新增数据使用。 FREELIST 存放在 TABLE/INDEX 的 Segment Header 中,他管理着所有可以新增数据的 BLOCK 信息。想想,如果有多人同时要新增数据而要求 FREELIST 提供可使用的 BLOCK 信息, FREELIST 不就也会成为另一个 Overhead ?所以依照 TABLE 使用的需求调整 FREELIST 的数量也是 IO Tuning 的一个重点。

这个参数在ASSM中已经没有用了,只剩下PCTFREE是生效的了。

3. INITRANS

INITRANS 指的是一个 BLOCK 上初始预分配给并行交易控制的空间 (ITLs)

( 当 BLOCK 上某笔 ROW 被交易更新锁定时,会在 BLOCK header ITL allocate 一个锁,当下一个交易要更新同一笔 row 时,就会发现他已经被先前的交易持有锁了,会先去检查该交易是否 active? 如果是,后来的该笔交易就会被 blocking ,等待 ) 如果一个表格需要同时有大量交易存取,你应该设定 INITRANS 大一点,可以减少 ITL 还要动态扩充的 Overhead 。

For tables INITRANS defaults to 1 for indexes 2

4. MAXTRANS

MAXTRANS 指的是如果 INITRANS 空间不够用了,就会自动扩展 ITL ,直到最大值也就是 MAXTRANS 值为止,预设是 255 。但是,如果 BLOCK 空间已经不足,也有可能无法持续扩充到 255 个 ITS 空间喔。

 

oracle中PCTFREE, PCTUSED, INITRANS, MAXTRANX参数
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Mandragora: Whispers Of The Witch Tree - How To Unlock The Grappling Hook
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1673
14
PHP Tutorial
1278
29
C# Tutorial
1257
24
What to do if the oracle can't be opened What to do if the oracle can't be opened Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:06 PM

Solutions to Oracle cannot be opened include: 1. Start the database service; 2. Start the listener; 3. Check port conflicts; 4. Set environment variables correctly; 5. Make sure the firewall or antivirus software does not block the connection; 6. Check whether the server is closed; 7. Use RMAN to recover corrupt files; 8. Check whether the TNS service name is correct; 9. Check network connection; 10. Reinstall Oracle software.

How to solve the problem of closing oracle cursor How to solve the problem of closing oracle cursor Apr 11, 2025 pm 10:18 PM

The method to solve the Oracle cursor closure problem includes: explicitly closing the cursor using the CLOSE statement. Declare the cursor in the FOR UPDATE clause so that it automatically closes after the scope is ended. Declare the cursor in the USING clause so that it automatically closes when the associated PL/SQL variable is closed. Use exception handling to ensure that the cursor is closed in any exception situation. Use the connection pool to automatically close the cursor. Disable automatic submission and delay cursor closing.

How to create cursors in oracle loop How to create cursors in oracle loop Apr 12, 2025 am 06:18 AM

In Oracle, the FOR LOOP loop can create cursors dynamically. The steps are: 1. Define the cursor type; 2. Create the loop; 3. Create the cursor dynamically; 4. Execute the cursor; 5. Close the cursor. Example: A cursor can be created cycle-by-circuit to display the names and salaries of the top 10 employees.

How to export oracle view How to export oracle view Apr 12, 2025 am 06:15 AM

Oracle views can be exported through the EXP utility: Log in to the Oracle database. Start the EXP utility, specifying the view name and export directory. Enter export parameters, including target mode, file format, and tablespace. Start exporting. Verify the export using the impdp utility.

What to do if the oracle log is full What to do if the oracle log is full Apr 12, 2025 am 06:09 AM

When Oracle log files are full, the following solutions can be adopted: 1) Clean old log files; 2) Increase the log file size; 3) Increase the log file group; 4) Set up automatic log management; 5) Reinitialize the database. Before implementing any solution, it is recommended to back up the database to prevent data loss.

Oracle's Role in the Business World Oracle's Role in the Business World Apr 23, 2025 am 12:01 AM

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

What steps are required to configure CentOS in HDFS What steps are required to configure CentOS in HDFS Apr 14, 2025 pm 06:42 PM

Building a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a CentOS system requires multiple steps. This article provides a brief configuration guide. 1. Prepare to install JDK in the early stage: Install JavaDevelopmentKit (JDK) on all nodes, and the version must be compatible with Hadoop. The installation package can be downloaded from the Oracle official website. Environment variable configuration: Edit /etc/profile file, set Java and Hadoop environment variables, so that the system can find the installation path of JDK and Hadoop. 2. Security configuration: SSH password-free login to generate SSH key: Use the ssh-keygen command on each node

How to stop oracle database How to stop oracle database Apr 12, 2025 am 06:12 AM

To stop an Oracle database, perform the following steps: 1. Connect to the database; 2. Shutdown immediately; 3. Shutdown abort completely.

See all articles