Home Database Mysql Tutorial 如何有效地利用oracle的数据字典

如何有效地利用oracle的数据字典

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:14 PM
oracle use how dictionary data

ORACLE的数据字典是数据库的重要组成部分之一,它随着数据库的产生而产生, 随着数据库的变化而变化, 体现为sys用户下的一些表和视图。数据字典名称是大写的英文字符。 数据字典里存有用户信息、用户的权限信息、所有数据对象信息、表的约束条件、统计分析数据

ORACLE的数据字典是数据库的重要组成部分之一,它随着数据库的产生而产生, 随着数据库的变化而变化, 体现为sys用户下的一些表和视图。数据字典名称是大写的英文字符。

  数据字典里存有用户信息、用户的权限信息、所有数据对象信息、表的约束条件、统计分析数据库的视图等。我们不能手工修改数据字典里的信息。很多时候,一般的ORACLE用户不知道如何有效地利用它。

  dictionary   全部数据字典表的名称和解释,它有一个同义词dict
  dict_column   全部数据字典表里字段名称和解释
  
    如果我们想查询跟索引有关的数据字典时,可以用下面这条SQL语句:
   
    SQL>select * from dictionary where instr(comments,'index')>0;
   
    如果我们想知道user_indexes表各字段名称的详细含义,可以用下面这条SQL语句:
   
    SQL>select column_name,comments from dict_columns where
table_name='USER_INDEXES';
   
    依此类推,就可以轻松知道数据字典的详细名称和解释,不用查看ORACLE的其它文档资料了。
   
    下面按类别列出一些ORACLE用户常用数据字典的查询使用方法。
   
    一、用户

    查看当前用户的缺省表空间
    SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
    查看当前用户的角色
    SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
 
    查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限
    SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;
    SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;

    二、表
    
    查看用户下所有的表
    SQL>select * from user_tables;
        
    查看名称包含log字符的表
    SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
    
    查看某表的创建时间
    SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper
('&table_name');
    
    查看某表的大小
    SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where
segment_name=upper('&table_name');
    
    查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表 
    SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
   
    三、索引
   
    查看索引个数和类别
    SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
   查看索引被索引的字段
    SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
    
    查看索引的大小
    SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments where
segment_name=upper('&index_name');
   
    四、序列号
   
    查看序列号,last_number是当前值
    SQL>select * from user_sequences;
   
    五、视图
   
    查看视图的名称
    SQL>select view_name from user_views;
    
    查看创建视图的select语句
    SQL>select view_name,text_length from user_views;
    SQL>set long 2000;说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
    SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
   
    六、同义词
   
    查看同义词的名称
    SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
   
    七、约束条件
   
    查看某表的约束条件
    SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name from
user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
        
    SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name 
    from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
    where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
    and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
    order by cc.position;       
   
    八、存储函数和过程
   
    查看函数和过程的状态
    SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
    SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
    
    查看函数和过程的源代码
    SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
   
    九、触发器
   
    查看触发器
    set long 50000;
    set heading off;
    set pagesize 2000;
    select
    'create or replace trigger "' ||
            trigger_name || '"' || chr(10)||
     decode( substr( trigger_type, 1, 1 ),
             'A', 'AFTER', 'B', 'BEFORE', 'I', 'INSTEAD OF' ) ||
                  chr(10) ||
     triggering_event || chr(10) ||
     'ON "' || table_owner || '"."' ||
           table_name || '"' || chr(10) ||
     decode( instr( trigger_type, 'EACH ROW' ), 0, null,
                'FOR EACH ROW' ) || chr(10) ,
     trigger_body
    from user_triggers;

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