Oracle数据库基本知识及问题解决
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 概序 Oracle数据库作为一个大型的关系型数据库,它与其他关系型数据库相比,有许多个性的东西,下面作一个简单的说明,其中包括我们在日常运行和维护中可能用到的知识,希望对大家有所帮助 一、基本
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入
概序
Oracle数据库作为一个大型的关系型数据库,它与其他关系型数据库相比,有许多个性的东西,下面作一个简单的说明,其中包括我们在日常运行和维护中可能用到的知识,希望对大家有所帮助
一、基本知识
1、表空间对于数据库是唯一性的,且要求每个数据库最少有一个表空间。
表空间可以分为系统表空间和非系统表空间、回滚段表空间;也可以分为用户表空间和非用户表空间,他们只是分类方式不同,其实实质差不多;
临时表空间:临时表空间并不包含真正的数据,恢复的方法是删除临时表空间并重建即可.。系统表空间:如果备份不可用,则只能采用重建数据库的方法 。
表空间的大小可以根据需要和设备的情况进行设置
表空间可以简单的理解为存放信息的空间,我们一般按如下顺序进行数据库系统的创建:创建表空间---》修改表空间---》创建回滚段---》创建用户和授权---》创建用户表---》创建表索引,用户只要按这个顺序就可以建立自己的数据库系统了,至于创建的数据库是否有最佳的性能,我会在以后的文章中做专门的讨论。表空间的建立可以用图形用户界面的方式很方便的建立,相信大家都会,在这里我不进行详细的介绍。
2、控制文件在每个数据库中必不可少,为了使数据库的性能提高建议多建几个控制文件,求要求放在不同的磁盘上。 ORACLE数据库由数据文件,控制文件和联机日志文件三种文件组成。由于磁盘空间的变化,或者基于数据库磁盘I/O性能的调整等,数据库管理员可能会考虑移动数据库文件。下面以UNIX平台为例,分别讨论三种数据库文件的移动方法
不能被忽视的数据库日志文件
请注意日志文件在恢复数据库时非常重要
日志可分为在线日志和离线日志,在线日志能记录每一个Oracle数据库中所作的全部修改。一个在线日志由多个在线日志文件组成,每一个运行的Oracle数据库实例相应地有一个在线日志,它与Oracle后台进程LGWR一起工作,立即记录该实例所作的全部修改。离线日志是可选择的?当ORACLE填满了在线日志文件后,就要进行归档了。
二、创建表空间、回滚段、用户、表的语法
1、创建表空间(这是在建数据库时的第一步要做的工作,表空间好比容器,将数据库的各种东西包含在里面)
<ccid_code>CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE '/dev/test_name1' SIZE 1000M, '/dev/test_name2' SIZE 1000M , '/dev/test_name3' SIZE 1000M DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 64K MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 50 );</ccid_code> Copy after login |
注意:这里没有对表空间的扩展进行限制。
2、修改表空间
<ccid_code>alter TABLESPACE ts_name1 add DATAFILE '/dev/name4' SIZE 1000M;</ccid_code> Copy after login |
3、回滚段
<ccid_code>CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RStest" TABLESPACE "Test_name" STORAGE ( INITIAL 16M NEXT 16M MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED);</ccid_code> Copy after login |
注意不要建不同的大小的回滚段,因为ORACLE不会自己挑选和需要最相符的回滚段
4、创建用户和授权
<ccid_code>CREATE USER test_user IDENTIFIED BY test_user DEFAULT TABLESPACE Test_name1 TEMPORARY TABLESPACE Test_name2; GRANT CONNECT TO test_user; GRANT DBA TO test_user; GRANT resource TO test_user;</ccid_code> Copy after login |
[1] [2]

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

In Oracle, the FOR LOOP loop can create cursors dynamically. The steps are: 1. Define the cursor type; 2. Create the loop; 3. Create the cursor dynamically; 4. Execute the cursor; 5. Close the cursor. Example: A cursor can be created cycle-by-circuit to display the names and salaries of the top 10 employees.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

Oracle views can be exported through the EXP utility: Log in to the Oracle database. Start the EXP utility, specifying the view name and export directory. Enter export parameters, including target mode, file format, and tablespace. Start exporting. Verify the export using the impdp utility.

When Oracle log files are full, the following solutions can be adopted: 1) Clean old log files; 2) Increase the log file size; 3) Increase the log file group; 4) Set up automatic log management; 5) Reinitialize the database. Before implementing any solution, it is recommended to back up the database to prevent data loss.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

Oracle is not only a database company, but also a leader in cloud computing and ERP systems. 1. Oracle provides comprehensive solutions from database to cloud services and ERP systems. 2. OracleCloud challenges AWS and Azure, providing IaaS, PaaS and SaaS services. 3. Oracle's ERP systems such as E-BusinessSuite and FusionApplications help enterprises optimize operations.

Building a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a CentOS system requires multiple steps. This article provides a brief configuration guide. 1. Prepare to install JDK in the early stage: Install JavaDevelopmentKit (JDK) on all nodes, and the version must be compatible with Hadoop. The installation package can be downloaded from the Oracle official website. Environment variable configuration: Edit /etc/profile file, set Java and Hadoop environment variables, so that the system can find the installation path of JDK and Hadoop. 2. Security configuration: SSH password-free login to generate SSH key: Use the ssh-keygen command on each node
