浅析应用对等网布线技巧案例
欢迎进入网络技术社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 本文向大家介绍网络布线中的对等网布线技巧,可能好多人还不了解对等网布线技巧,没有关系,看完本文你肯定有不少收获,会对对等网布线有一个充分的了解,也希望本文教会您更多的东西。 我们知道
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本文向大家介绍网络布线中的对等网布线技巧,可能好多人还不了解对等网布线技巧,没有关系,看完本文你肯定有不少收获,会对对等网布线有一个充分的了解,也希望本文教会您更多的东西。
我们知道,计算机网络按其工作模式分主要有:对等模式和客户机/服务器(C/S)/模式,在家庭网络中通常采用对等腰网模式,而在企业网络中则通常采用C/S模式。因为对等腰三角形模式注重的是网络的共享功能,而企业网络更注重的是文件资源管理和系统资源安全等方面。对等网除了应用方面的特点外,更重要是的它的组建方式简单,投资成本低,非常容易组建,非常适合于家庭、小型企业选择使用。学习网络组建当然是从最基本的着手,而对等网是最简单的一种网络模式,它可以只需几条网线,加上几块网卡就可以,而这些知识我们在前面已作详细介绍,完全具备基本的对等组建能力。
一、对等网简介
“对等网”也称“工作组网”,那是因为它不像企业专业网络中那样是通过域来控制的,在对等网中没有“域”,只有“工作组”,这一点要首先清楚。正因如此,我们在后面的具体网络配置中,就没有域的配置,而需配置工作组。很显然,“工作组”的概念远没有“域”那么广,所以对等网所能随的用户数也是非常有限的。在对等网络中,计算机的数量通常不会超过20台,所以对等网络相对比较简单。在对等网络中,对等网上各台计算机的有相同的功能,无主从之分,网上任意节点计算机既可以作为网络服务器,为其它计算机提供资源;也可以作为工作站,以分享其它服务器的资源;任一台计算机均可同时兼作服务器和工作站,也可只作其中之一。同时,对等网除了共享文件之外,还可以共享打印机,对等网上的打印机可被网络上的任一节点使用,如同使用本地打印机一样方便。因为对等网不需要专门的服务器来做网络支持,也不需要其他组件来提高网络的性能,因而对等网络的价格相对要便宜很多。
对等网主要有如下特点:
(1)网络用户较少,一般在20台计算机以内,适合人员少,应用网络较多的中小企业;
(2)网络用户都处于同一区域中;
(3)对于网络来说,网络安全不是最重要的问题。
它的主要优点有:网络成本低、网络配置和维护简单。
它的缺点也相当明显的,主要有:网络性能较低、数据保密性差、文件管理分散、计算机资源占用大。
二、对等网结构
虽然对等网结构比较简单,但根据具体的应用环境和需求,对等网也因其规模和传输介质类型的不同,其实现的方式也有多种,下面分别介绍:
1、两台机的对等网布线技巧
这种对等网的组建方式比较多,在传输介质方面既可以采用双绞线,也可以使用同轴电缆,还可采用串、并行电缆。所需网络设备只需相应的网线或电缆和网卡,如果采用串、并行电缆还可省去网卡的投资,直接用串、并行电缆连接两台机即可,显然这是一种最廉价的对等网组建方式。这种方式中的“串/并行电缆”俗称“零调制解调器”,所以这种方式也称为“远程通信”领域。但这种采用串、并行电缆连接的网络的传输速率非常低,并且串、并行电缆制作比较麻烦,在网卡如此便宜的今天这种对等网连接方式比较少用。
2、三台机的对等网布线技巧
如果网络所连接的计算机不是2台,而是3台,则此时就不能采用串、并行电缆连接了,而必须采用双绞线或同轴电缆作为传输介质,而且网卡是不能少的。如果是采用双绞线作为传输介质,根据网络结构的不同又可有两种方式:
(1)一种是采用双网卡网桥方式,就是在其中一台计算机上安装两块网卡,另外两对路机各安装一块网卡,然后用双绞线连接起来,再进行有关的系统配置即可;
(2)添加一个集线器作为集结线设备,组建一个星形对等网,三台机都直接与集线器相连。从这种方式的特点来看,虽然可以省下一块网卡,但需要购买一个集线器,网络成本会较前一种高些,但性能要好许多。
如果采用同轴电缆作为传输介质,则不需要购买集线器了,只需把三台机用同轴电缆网线直接串连即可。虽然也只需3块网卡,但因同轴电缆较双绞线贵些,所以总的投资与用双绞线差不多。
3、多于3台机的对等网布线技巧
对于多于3台机的对等网组建方式只能有两种:
(1)采用集线设备(集线器或交换机)组成星形网络;
(2)用同轴电缆直接串连。虽然这类对等网也可采用双网卡网桥方式,就是在除了首、尾两台计算机外都采用双网卡配置,但这种方式因要购差不多两倍的网卡,成本较高;且双网卡配置对计算机硬件资源要求较高,所以不可能有人会用这种方式来实现多台计算机的对等网到连。
以上介绍是对等网的硬件配置,在软件系统方面,对等网布线技巧更是非灵活,几乎所有操作系统都可以配置对等网,包括网络专用的操作系统,如Windows NT Server/2000 Server/2003 Server,Windows 9x/ME/2000 Pro/XP等也都可以,早期的DOS系统也可以。
因为对等网类型繁多, 所用系统组成也是多种多样,不可能对所有类型的对等网组建方法都一一介绍,况且实际应用中有些对等网类型并不常用,如直接电缆连接的对等网、双网卡对等网等,在操作系统方面如DOS、Windows 95、Windows NT/2000/2003 Server等也通常不应用于对等网布线技巧中,所以在本篇仅介绍目前在家庭中常用的Windows 98及Windows 2000 Pro系统中双绞线两台机的对等网配置方法。多机及其它操作系统下对等网的配置方法类似,参照即可。
三、Windows 98与Windows 2000 Pro双机双绞线对等网组建
在整个组网过程中,总的来说可以分为如下几个大步:
(1) 网线制作;
(2) 网卡的硬件安装;
(3) 网卡的连接;
(4) 网卡驱动程序的安装与系统配置。

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