Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL Server 2008数据库的一些基本概念

SQL Server 2008数据库的一些基本概念

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:08 PM
server sql basic concept database

以前总是没弄明白这些 基本 概念 ,现在整理如下: 1.区: 区是SQL Server 中管理空间的 基本 单位。 一个区是八个物理上连续的页(即 64 KB),所有页都存储在区中, 这意味着 SQL Server 数据库 中每 MB 有 16 个区。 一旦一个区段已满, 下一条数据Sql server

以前总是没弄明白这些基本概念,现在整理如下:

 

1.区:

区是SQL Server 中管理空间的基本单位。

一个区是八个物理上连续的页(即 64 KB),所有页都存储在区中, 这意味着 SQL Server 数据库中每 MB 有 16 个区。
一旦一个区段已满, 下一条数据Sql server将分配一个区段空间, 防止每次添加都要分配空间.

 

2.页(Page):

页是SQL Server 中数据存储的基本单位, 它是区段的分配单元, 一页8K, 它下面就是数据行了, 但每页的行数不定, 这取决于数据行的大小.

 

数据库中的数据文件(.mdf 或 .ndf)分配的磁盘空间可以从逻辑上划分成页(从 0 到 n 连续编号)。磁盘 I/O 操作在页级执行。也就是说,SQL Server 每次读取或写入数据的最少数据单位是数据页。

每页的开头是 96 字节的标头,用于存储有关页的系统信息。此信息包括页码、页类型、页的可用空间以及拥有该页的对象的分配单元 ID。

在 SQL Server 中,页的大小为 8 KB。这意味着 SQL Server 数据库中每 MB 有 128 页。依次类推。根据数据库的文件大小,我们可以算出数据库有多少数据页。 

 

3.页的类型: 数据页, 索引页, Blob页等等.

 

4.行: 因为行存于页中,因此, 一行的大小通常最多8K(8060字符, 一页的上限), 一行最大列数为1024列(字段).
如果是varchar(max), text, image时, 可以跨越多页, 一行最大2GB, 此时, 原始的行用来存放指针及其它列.

 

5.全文目录: 虽然和sql server在一起, 但实际上该目录是独立存放在磁盘上的.

6.索引: 是与表或视图关联的磁盘上的结构,可以加快从表或视图中检索行的速度。

它包含由表或视图中的一列或多列生成的键。这些键存储在一个结构(B 树)中,使 SQL Server 可以快速有效地查找与键值关联的行。

 

7.索引的类型:聚集, 非聚集.

另外还有唯一索引, 唯一索引确保索引键不包含重复的值,因此,表或视图中的每一行在某种程度上是唯一的。

聚集索引和非聚集索引都可以是唯一索引。

 

8.聚集索引: 根据数据行的键值在表或视图中排序和存储这些数据行。

每个表只能有一个聚集索引,因为数据行本身只能按一个顺序排序。

只有当表包含聚集索引时,表中的数据行才按排序顺序存储。如果表具有聚集索引,则该表称为聚集表。

如果表没有聚集索引,则其数据行存储在一个称为堆的无序结构中。

即聚集表是有聚集索引的表,堆是没有聚集索引的表。

索引视图与聚集表具有相同的存储结构。

聚集索引的叶节点就是实际的数据页。

聚集索引的平均大小大约为表大小的5%左右。

 

 

9.非聚集索引:这段msdn写的云里雾里的,就不抄了。

每个表最多可以有249个非聚集索引.

 

10.索引的维护:每当修改了表数据后,都会自动维护表或视图的索引。

 

11.索引和约束: 对表列定义了 PRIMARY KEY 约束和 UNIQUE 约束时,会自动创建索引。

例如,如果创建了表并将一个特定列标识为主键,则 数据库引擎自动对该列创建 PRIMARY KEY 约束和索引。

 

12.分区表 

还没搞明白, 也没实际用过.

 

13.回家研究一下B 树, 还没太明白索引的原理.

 

参考帖子:

SQL Server 索引基础知识(1)--- 记录数据的基本格式 .
http://blog.csdn.net/ghj1976/article/details/2010366

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1662
14
PHP Tutorial
1261
29
C# Tutorial
1234
24
iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM

Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps

Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM

How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())

How to handle database connection errors in PHP How to handle database connection errors in PHP Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM

To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.

How to use database callback functions in Golang? How to use database callback functions in Golang? Jun 03, 2024 pm 02:20 PM

Using the database callback function in Golang can achieve: executing custom code after the specified database operation is completed. Add custom behavior through separate functions without writing additional code. Callback functions are available for insert, update, delete, and query operations. You must use the sql.Exec, sql.QueryRow, or sql.Query function to use the callback function.

How to save JSON data to database in Golang? How to save JSON data to database in Golang? Jun 06, 2024 am 11:24 AM

JSON data can be saved into a MySQL database by using the gjson library or the json.Unmarshal function. The gjson library provides convenience methods to parse JSON fields, and the json.Unmarshal function requires a target type pointer to unmarshal JSON data. Both methods require preparing SQL statements and performing insert operations to persist the data into the database.

MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning Apr 10, 2025 am 09:29 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

PHP Database Connection Pitfalls: Avoid Common Mistakes and Misunderstandings PHP Database Connection Pitfalls: Avoid Common Mistakes and Misunderstandings Jun 05, 2024 pm 10:21 PM

To avoid PHP database connection errors, follow best practices: check for connection errors and match variable names with credentials. Use secure storage or environment variables to avoid hardcoding credentials. Close the connection after use to prevent SQL injection and use prepared statements or bound parameters.

MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database Apr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

See all articles