Home Database Mysql Tutorial Ubuntu12.04(32位)安装Oracle 11g(32位)全过程

Ubuntu12.04(32位)安装Oracle 11g(32位)全过程

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:07 PM
32 bit oracle Install

Ubuntu12.04 ( 32 位)安装 Oracle11g ( 32 位)全过程 1. 将系统更新到最新: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 2. 安装 Oracle 所需的依赖包: sudo apt-get install automake sudo apt-get install autotools-dev sudo apt-get install b

Ubuntu12.0432位)安装Oracle11g32位)全过程


1.将系统更新到最新:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


2.安装Oracle所需的依赖包:

sudo apt-get install automake

sudo apt-get install autotools-dev
sudo apt-get install binutils
sudo apt-get install bzip2
sudo apt-get install elfutils
sudo apt-get install expat
sudo apt-get install gawk
sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
sudo apt-get install g++-multilib
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
sudo apt-get install ksh
sudo apt-get install less
sudo apt-get install lesstif2
sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev
sudo apt-get install lib32z1
sudo apt-get install libaio1
sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386
sudo apt-get install libc6-i386
sudo apt-get install libelf-dev
sudo apt-get install libltdl-dev
sudo apt-get install libmotif4
sudo apt-get install libodbcinstq4-1libodbcinstq4-1:i386
sudo apt-get install libpth-dev
sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0
sudo apt-get installlibpthread-stubs0-dev
sudo apt-get install libstdc++5
sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx
sudo apt-get install make
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install pdksh
sudo apt-get install rlwrap
sudo apt-get install rpm
sudo apt-get installsysstat
sudo apt-get install unixodbc
sudo apt-get installunixodbc-dev
sudo apt-get install unzip
sudo apt-get installx11-utils
sudo apt-get install zlibc

很多都是Ubuntu已经自带的了,谨慎起见都执行一遍吧。


3.检查系统变量

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep sem

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep shm

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep file-max

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep aio-max

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep ip_local_port_range

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep rmem_default

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep rmem_max

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep wmem_default

/sbin/sysctl-a | grep wmem_max


然后根据上面命令中得到的参数值在/etc/sysctl.conf中增加对应数据,比如:
fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall =2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586


运行一下命令更新内核参数:
sysctl –p


4.添加对当前用户(假如用户名是zhs)用户的内核限制在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中增加以下数据
zhs soft nproc 2047

zhs hard nproc 16384

zhs soft nofile 1024

zhs hard nofile 65536

zhs soft stack 10240


5.查看/etc/pam.d/login,增加以下行(有了就不用增加了):

session required pam_limits.so
同样检查/etc/pam.d/su,没有以下行就自己加上:

session required pam_limits.so


6.创建需要的文件夹(用于安装oracle)并设置其所有权:
sudo mkdir -p /opt/oracle
sudo mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory

sudo chown -R zhs:zhs /opt/oracle

sudo chown -R zhs:zhs /opt/oraInventory

后两步中,第一个zhs代表当前用户,第二个zhs代表当前用户所在的组,linux用户通常属于好几个组,其中有一个组名和用户名相同。这两步可能可以不用执行,因为那两个目录本身就是zhs创建的。


7.安装JRE环境

如果Ubuntu上没安装JRE的话,需要安装JRE(我这里直接安装了JDK,以JDK为例):

Oracle官网下载JDK6(考虑到兼容性问题,安装6):

下载jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin这个文件。放到主文件夹(home目录)下,进入终端:

$sudo chmod 777 jdk-6u37-linux-x64.bin //将文件赋予运行权限

$sudo -s ./jdk-6u37-linux-x64.bin /usr/lib/jdk //JDK安装到/usr/lib/jdk目录下。

注意:最后安装完成后可能安装到了主文件夹下了,这是使用命令将其全部复制到/usr/lib/jdk目录下即可。(如果没有权限,就使用sudochmod 777获取权限再复制)

配置JDK的环境变量,使用编辑器打开主文件夹下的.bashrc配置文件(隐藏),向其中加入如下内容:

#JDK
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk/jdk1.6.0_45
JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export ANDROID_JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin
export JAVA_HOME;
export JRE_HOME;
export CLASSPATH;
HOME_BIN=~/bin/
export PATH=${PATH}:${JAVA_PATH}:${HOME_BIN};

注意核对一下目录结构是不是正确的。

接着使新设的环境变量生效,在终端执行命令:source.bashrc

最后验证JDK是否安装正确:

java -version

出现了JDK版本信息就表示正确了。


8.Oracle配置环境变量。同样在主文件夹下的.bashrc配置文件中加入如下内容:

#Oracle
#
这个写刚刚创建的文件夹
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle 
#
这个后面可以随便填写
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#
数据库的sid
export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
#
默认字符集
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
#
环境变量
export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/;


接着使新设的环境变量生效,在终端执行命令:source.bashrc


9.oracle本身并不支持ubuntu来安装,所以要进行欺骗oracle的安装程序(sudo执行):

ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d

ln -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/

ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk

ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename

ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a/usr/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a/usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a
ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib/

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.5 /lib/

ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.5 /usr/lib/


sudo touch /etc/redhat-release
sudo echo ‘Red Hat Linux release 5’> /etc/redhat-release


因为Ubuntu将某些库文件根据32位系统和64位系统分别存放了,但Oracle只认/usr/lib/lib目录,所以需要进行上面的软链接。


10.下载32(x86)Oraclefor Linux安装程序,解压后得到database文件夹


11.在终端设置语言环境

export LANG=en_US或者exportLANG=zh_CN.gbk

这一步如果不设的话,Oracle安装程序的启动界面可能会出现乱码。


12.database文件夹下的runInstaller文件赋予可执行权限:

sudo chmod 777 runInstaller

跳转到database目录,在终端下执行:

./runInstaller


13.出现填写电邮地址的界面,电邮地址不要填写且复选框不要勾选,点击“下一步”按钮。弹出带叉号标志的提示点击“YES”按钮后就可进入下一步。


14.剩下的过程基本上很顺利了,只需要设置一下密码就行了,其他的设置都在启动安装程序前完成了,不要进行改动!


15.图形界面下进行依赖检查的时候会列出很多依赖检查失败了,无法进入下一步了,此时选中右上角的“忽略所有”就可以进入下一步了。


16.安装的过程会出现两个错误(接近70%的时候)

第一个错误:

Errorin invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile'opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See'/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2014-08-09_03-15-56AM.log' fordetails.


解决方法:

打开一个新的终端,输入如下命令:

sed-i 's/^\(\s*\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)\)\s*$/\1 -lnnz11/g'$ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk

然后在图形界面点击‘Retry’就能继续安装了。


第二个错误:

Errorin invoking target 'all_no_orcl' of makefile'/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'. See'/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2014-08-09_03-16-32AM.log' fordetails.


解决方法:

在新终端中输入如下四个命令:

sed-i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\)/\1-Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk

sed-i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\)/\1-Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk

sed-i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g'$ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh

sed-i 's/^\(\s*\)\(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g'$ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk

然后在图形界面点击‘Retry’就能继续安装了。

下面的安装过程就没有什么问题了。


17.最后应该就顺利完成了,按照安装程序提示最后执行两个脚本:

sudo /opt/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
sudo /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

就完成了全部的安装。




注:本人用ubuntu12.0412.10,按照此方法装oracle都成功了

参考资料:http://blog.csdn.net/idber/article/details/9039857



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