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solaris补丁说明

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:05 PM
solaris introduce patch illustrate

一、solaris 补丁 介绍 1.1 补丁 的种类及文件名 solaris的 补丁 分为两类,一类是Point 补丁 ,另一类是Cluster 补丁 。 a)Point 补丁 程序: 这类 补丁 仅仅是针对某一问题或缺陷而发布的单个 补丁 程序,solaris7、solaris8、solairs9的Patch一般为*.zip文

一、solaris补丁介绍 
1.1补丁的种类及文件名  
    solaris的补丁分为两类,一类是Point补丁,另一类是Cluster补丁。 

a)Point补丁程序:  
      这类补丁仅仅是针对某一问题或缺陷而发布的单个补丁程序,solaris7、solaris8、solairs9的Patch一般为*.zip文件solaris2.6一般为.tar.Z或.tar.gz文件,它有如下编号方式: GawLinux联盟
patch base code-revision num  (如110668-04) 前面部分是这个补丁的主版本号(base code),后面部分是此补丁的修订号。两者合起来构成此补丁的Patch-ID。如上例编号为110668-04的补丁,110668为主版本号,04是修订号。此补丁是在110668-03的基础上做了新的修复。有一点需要指出,补丁版本号为110668的一系列补丁都是针对 /usr/sbin/in.telnetd 这一文件的不同问题的修复,110668-04发布以后,sun将不再提供110668-04以前的补丁,如110668-03等。 

b) Cluster补丁程序:   
    cluster补丁仅仅是一系列point补丁的重新包装,并带有自动安装程序。Cluster补丁的命名方式如下:
version_Recommended 
如:9_x86_Recommended.zip是针对Solaris 9 for X86的补丁集。  
    8_Recommended.zip是针对Solaris 8 for Sparc 的补丁集。  
    每个Cluster补丁都对应一个CLUSTER_README文件,详细描述了该Cluster包含的补丁,以及安装的方法或注意事项。 

1.2 关于补丁的其他信息 
    sun公司对每一版本的solaris都维护了一份Patch Reports,该Patch Reports包含了对应版本solaris所有补丁的描述。Patch Reports每月更新两次,可以从如下地址得到: 
http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=patches/patch-access&nav=patchpage  
    另外sun还维护了一份Sun Alert Patch Report,该文档按产品分类,并且随时更新。从这里可以找到所有sun产品的更新文档及相应补丁,当然也包括的solaris的Sun Alert 文档、Patch ID、简要说明等。Sun Alert Patch Report从这里可以得到: 
http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=sunalert_patches 
相应的solaris部分可从如下链接得到: 
http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=sunalert_patches#Solaris  表格按时间排序,从Category表格中可以知道此问题属于安全缺陷修复还是应用优化。 二、补丁的下载  GawLinux联盟
    Cluster补丁可以从如下网址下载: http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=patches/patch-access&nav=patchpage 
同样可以使用FTP协议下载,在sunsolve.sun.com的/pacthroot/clusters可以找到所有的Cluster补丁。下载后为一个*_Recommended.zip文件。该压缩文件包含一份CLUSTER_README文件,建议安装前阅读此文件。  
    Point补丁由于其分散性不易下载与管理,可以使用Sun Alert Patch Report或Patch Reports来查看补丁情况,这两份文档相应的Patch ID及对应下载地址。另外sun网站提供的Patch Finder 功能也可以使我们在知道Patch ID的情况下很方便的找到该补丁,连接如下: 
http://sunsolve.sun.com/pub-cgi/show.pl?target=patches/patch-access&nav=patchpage 
同样,利用ftp协议从sunsolve.sun.com的/patchroot/all_unsigned目录下也可以下载指定Patch。  
    Sun公司建议所有下载的补丁都放到/var/tmp目录下(这也是通常的做法),如此将不会导致补丁安装时出现的任何permission/ownership的问题。
三、solaris补丁的安装和删除 
3.1 /var/sadm/patch目录  
    在/var/sadm/patch目录下,记录了已安装的补丁。  
    如: # ls /var/sadm/patch   
    107558-05 107594-04 107630-01 107663-01 107683-01   
    107696-01 107817-01 107582-01 107612-06 107640-03  
    建议不要对此目录做任何修改,此目录被破坏后将不能安装或删除任何补丁。 

3.2 管理solaris补丁  
    Solaris提供了两个命令来管理补丁,patchadd和patchrm。这两个命令是在Solaris 2.6版本开始提供的,在2.6以前的版本中,每个补丁包中都提供了一个installpatch 程序和一个backoutpatch 程序来完成补丁的安装和卸载。 
    patchadd用来安装解压缩后的补丁程序。patchadd通过调用pkgadd 命令来安装补丁。安装补丁前,我们需要将补丁解压到/var/tmp下安装。安装补丁如下命令:  
    # cd /var/tmp  
    # patchadd 110668-04  
    Checking installed patches...  
    Verifying sufficient filesystem capacity (dry run method)      Installing patch packages...        
    如果当前目录下有110668-04目录,patchadd将安装此补丁补丁安装后,系统会备份原文件,以便在以后删除此补丁。如果使用patchadd -d 选项安装补丁,系统将不备份源文件,这意味着你将不能在以后删除此补丁。使用patchadd -p 选项可以检验已安装的patch,例如:  GawLinux联盟
    # patchadd -p  
    Patch: 106793-01 Obsoletes: Requires: Incompatibles:  
    Packages: SUNWhea  
    . . .      同样,solaris提供了另一命令来查看已安装的patch:  
    # showrev -p  
    Patch: 106793-01 Obsoletes: Requires: Incompatibles:  
    Packages: SUNWhea  
    . . .  
    patchrm 如果因为某种情况你想卸载某一补丁,你可以使用patchrm命令来完成。此命令通过调用 pkgadd来恢复安装补丁前的文件备份来卸载补丁。使用Patch-ID作为patchrm的参数就可以卸载补丁:  GawLinux联盟
    # patchrm 106793-01  
    Checking installed packages and patches...  
    Backing out patch 106793-01...  
    Patch 106793-01 has been backed out.  
    这里需要说明一下,在如下三种情况下,补丁将不能卸载:  
    1).在安装patch时,用patchadd -d命令指定patchadd不备份被更新的文件。这样安装的patch无法删除。  
    2).另一patch需要此patch,即存在dependence(关联性), 如一定要删掉该patch,先删掉另一patch。  
    3).要删的patch已被另一更新的patch废弃了。如安装110668-04补丁后,如果以前安装过110668-03,则110668-03将被110668-04废弃,110668-03将无法删除。 

3.3 Cluster补丁的安装  
    Cluster补丁为单个补丁的集合,下载解压后,可以通过执行./install_Cluster脚本来完成补丁集的安装。执行./install_Cluster后,脚本将检查当前目录下的patch_order文件,此文件标明了Patch的安装顺序,./install_Cluster将按照patch_order文件给出的顺序来安装patch。如果没有patch_order文件,则假定当前目录下所有以1开始的目录名均为需要安装的补丁目录,并且假定这些目录的名称次序作为安装Patch的次序。因此你可以通过修改patch_order文件来决定安装或不安装某Patch。  GawLinux联盟

3.4 安装Patch时的注意事项  
    由于在安装Patch时需要更新文件,故此Solaris官方推荐在安装补丁时进入单用户模式安装。在某些重要服务器上可能带来不便,因此你完全可以在多用户模式下通过停止相关服务进程来完成Patch的安装。  
    Sun推出的Patch并不是每个都一定要安装的,因此需要在安装patch前仔细阅读README来确定是否需要安装此补丁。另外,某些补丁具有依赖性,需要先安装另一补丁才能完成此补丁的安装,这些都会在README中标明。总之,安装补丁之前强烈建议你阅读相应的README(每个Patch都提供单独的README文件)。 
3.5 安装PATCH过程中出现的问题  
    在安装补丁的过程中,经常出现一些错误提示。例如:  
    Installation of 123456-11 failed. Return code 2  
    通过Return code我们可以知道错误类型。需要注意的是,Return code 2说明补丁已被安装,Return code 8说明补丁要修复的软件没有被系统安装。因此,2和8是完全可以被忽略的错误提示。下表说明了各个Return code对应的错误类型。 
Exit code Meaning  
0 No error  
1 Usage error  
2 Attempt to apply a patch that's already been applied  
3 Effective UID is not root  
4 Attempt to save original files failed  
5 pkgadd failed  
6 Patch is obsoleted  
7 Invalid package directory  
8 Attempting to patch a package that is not installed  
9 Cannot access /usr/sbin/pkgadd (client problem)  
10 Package validation errors  
11 Error adding patch to root template  
12 Patch script terminated due to signal  
13 Symbolic link included in patch  
14 NOT USED   15 The prepatch script had a return code other than 0.  
16 The postpatch script had a return code other than 0.
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