MySQL(基础篇)之MySQL(时间和日期函数)
一、日期和时间函数 DAYOFWEEK(date) 返回日期date是星期几(1=星期天,2=星期一,……7=星期六,ODBC标准) WEEKDAY(date) 返回日期date是星期几(0=星期一,1=星期二,……6= 星期天)。 MONTH(date) 返回date中的月份数 DAYNAME(date) 返回date是星期几(按英文名返
一、日期和时间函数
DAYOFWEEK(date)
返回日期date是星期几(1=星期天,2=星期一,……7=星期六,ODBC标准)
WEEKDAY(date)
返回日期date是星期几(0=星期一,1=星期二,……6= 星期天)。
MONTH(date)
返回date中的月份数值
DAYNAME(date)
返回date是星期几(按英文名返回)
MONTHNAME(date)
返回date是几月(按英文名返回)
QUARTER(date)
返回date是一年的第几个季度
WEEK(date,first)
返回date是一年的第几周(first默认值0,first取值1表示周一是周的开始,0从周日开始)
YEAR(date)
返回date的年份(范围在1000到9999)
HOUR(time)
返回time的小时数(范围是0到23)
MINUTE(time)
返回time的分钟数(范围是0到59)
SECOND(time)
返回time的秒数(范围是0到59)
PERIOD_ADD(P,N)
增加N个月到时期P并返回(P的格式YYMM或YYYYMM
PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)
返回在时期P1和P2之间月数(P1和P2的格式YYMM或YYYYMM
PERIOD_DIFF(P1,P2)
返回在时期P1和P2之间月数(P1和P2的格式YYMM或YYYYMM)
mysql> select PERIOD_DIFF(9802,199703);
-> 11
DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type)
DATE_SUB(date,INTERVAL expr type)
ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)
SUBDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type)
对日期时间进行加减法运算
(ADDDATE()和SUBDATE()是DATE_ADD()和DATE_SUB()的同义词,也可以用运算符 和-而不是函数
date是一个DATETIME或DATE值,expr对date进行加减法的一个表达式字符串type指明表达式expr应该如何被解释
[type值 含义 期望的expr格式]:
SECOND 秒 SECONDS
MINUTE 分钟 MINUTES
HOUR 时间 HOURS
DAY 天 DAYS
MONTH 月 MONTHS
YEAR 年 YEARS
MINUTE_SECOND 分钟和秒 "MINUTES:SECONDS"
HOUR_MINUTE 小时和分钟 "HOURS:MINUTES"
DAY_HOUR 天和小时 "DAYS HOURS"
YEAR_MONTH 年和月 "YEARS-MONTHS"
HOUR_SECOND 小时, 分钟, "HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"
DAY_MINUTE 天, 小时, 分钟 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES"
DAY_SECOND 天, 小时, 分钟, 秒 "DAYS HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS"
expr中允许任何标点做分隔符,如果所有是DATE值时结果是一个DATE值,否则结果是一个DATETIME值)
如果type关键词不完整,则MySQL从右端取值,DAY_SECOND因为缺少小时分钟等于MINUTE_SECOND)
如果增加MONTH、YEAR_MONTH或YEAR,天数大于结果月份的最大天数则使用最大天数)
mysql> SELECT "1997-12-31 23:59:59" INTERVAL 1 SECOND;
-> 1998-01-01 00:00:00
mysql> SELECT INTERVAL 1 DAY "1997-12-31";
-> 1998-01-01
mysql> SELECT "1998-01-01" - INTERVAL 1 SECOND;
-> 1997-12-31 23:59:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",INTERVAL 1 SECOND);
-> 1998-01-01 00:00:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",INTERVAL 1 DAY);
-> 1998-01-01 23:59:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1997-12-31 23:59:59",INTERVAL "1:1" MINUTE_SECOND);
-> 1998-01-01 00:01:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-01 00:00:00",INTERVAL "1 1:1:1" DAY_SECOND);
-> 1997-12-30 22:58:59
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD("1998-01-01 00:00:00", INTERVAL "-1 10" DAY_HOUR);
-> 1997-12-30 14:00:00
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB("1998-01-02", INTERVAL 31 DAY);
-> 1997-12-02
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM "1999-07-02");
-> 1999
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR_MONTH FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");
-> 199907
mysql> SELECT EXTRACT(DAY_MINUTE FROM "1999-07-02 01:02:03");
-> 20102
TO_DAYS(date)
返回日期date是西元0年至今多少天(不计算1582年以前)
FROM_DAYS(N)
给出西元0年至今多少天返回DATE值(不计算1582年以前)
DATE_FORMAT(date,format)
根据format字符串格式化date值
(在format字符串中可用标志符:
%M 月名字(January……December)
%W 星期名字(Sunday……Saturday)
%D 有英语前缀的月份的日期(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 等等。)
%Y 年, 数字, 4 位
%y 年, 数字, 2 位
%a 缩写的星期名字(Sun……Sat)
%d 月份中的天数, 数字(00……31)
%e 月份中的天数, 数字(0……31)
%m 月, 数字(01……12)
%c 月, 数字(1……12)
%b 缩写的月份名字(Jan……Dec)
%j 一年中的天数(001……366)
%H 小时(00……23)
%k 小时(0……23)
%h 小时(01……12)
%I 小时(01……12)
%l 小时(1……12)
%i 分钟, 数字(00……59)
%r 时间,12 小时(hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
%T 时间,24 小时(hh:mm:ss)
%S 秒(00……59)
%s 秒(00……59)
%p AM或PM
%w 一个星期中的天数(0=Sunday ……6=Saturday )
%U 星期(0……52), 这里星期天是星期的第一天
%u 星期(0……52), 这里星期一是星期的第一天
%% 字符% )
mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00','%W %M %Y');
-> 'Saturday October 1997'
mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00','%H:%i:%s');
-> '22:23:00'
mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00','%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');
-> '4th 97 Sat 04 10 Oct 277'
mysql> select DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00','%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');
-> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'
TIME_FORMAT(time,format)
和DATE_FORMAT()类似,但TIME_FORMAT只处理小时、分钟和秒(其余符号产生一个NULL值或0)
CURTIME()
CURRENT_TIME()
以'HH:MM:SS'或HHMMSS格式返回当前时间值(根据返回值所处上下文是字符串或数字)
FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp)
以'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'或YYYYMMDDHHMMSS格式返回时间戳的值(根据返回值所处上下文是字符串或数字)
FROM_UNIXTIME(unix_timestamp,format)
以format字符串格式返回时间戳的值
mysql> select FROM_UNIXTIME(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(),'%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x');
-> '1997 23rd December 03:43:30 x'
SEC_TO_TIME(seconds)
以'HH:MM:SS'或HHMMSS格式返回秒数转成的TIME值(根据返回值所处上下文是字符串或数字)
mysql> select SEC_TO_TIME(2378);
-> '00:39:38'
mysql> select SEC_TO_TIME(2378) 0;
-> 3938
TIME_TO_SEC(time)
返回time值有多少秒
mysql> select TIME_TO_SEC('22:23:00');
-> 80580
mysql> select TIME_TO_SEC('00:39:38');
-> 2378

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