2012年计算机二级Access重点:窗体(1)
考点1 窗体的概念和作用 窗体有多种形式,不同的窗体能够完成不同的功能。窗体中的信息主要有两类:一类是设计者在设计窗体时附加的一些提示信息;另一类是所处理表或查询的记录。 窗体的主要作用是接受用户输入的数据或命令,编辑、显示数据库中的数据,构
窗体有多种形式,不同的窗体能够完成不同的功能。窗体中的信息主要有两类:一类是设计者在设计窗体时附加的一些提示信息;另一类是所处理表或查询的记录。
窗体的主要作用是接受用户输入的数据或命令,编辑、显示数据库中的数据,构造方便、美观的输入输出界面。
考点2 窗体的组成和结构
窗体由多个部分组成,每个部分称为一个“节”。大部分窗体只有主体节,如果需要,也可以在窗体中包含窗体页眉、页面页眉、页面页脚及窗体页脚等部分。
窗体页眉位于窗体顶部位置,一般用于设置窗体的标题、窗体使用说明或打开相关窗体及执行其他任务的命令按钮等。窗体页脚位于窗体的底部,一般用于显示对所有记录都要显示的内容、使用命令的操作说明等信息。
页面页眉一般用于设置窗体在打印时的页头信息。页面页脚一般用来设置窗体在打印时的页脚信息。
主体节通常用来显示记录数据,可以在屏幕或页面上只显示一条记录,也可以显示多条记录。
考点3 窗体类型
Access提供了6种类型的窗体,分别是纵栏式窗体、表格式窗体、数据表窗体、主/子窗体、图表窗体和数据透视表窗体。
1纵栏式窗体
纵栏式窗体将窗体中的一个显示记录按列分隔,每列的左边显示字段,右边显示字段内容。
2表格式窗体
通常,一个窗体在同一时刻只显示一条记录的信息。如果一条记录的内容比较少,单独占用一个窗体的空间就显得很浪费。这时,可以建立一种表格式窗体,即在一个窗体中显示多条记录的内容。
3数据表窗体
数据表窗体从外观上看与数据表和查询的界面相同。数据表窗体的主要作用是作为一个窗体的子窗体。
4主/子窗体
窗体中的窗体称为子窗体,包含子窗体的基本窗体成为主窗体。主窗体和子窗体通常用于显示多个表或查询中的数据,这些表或查询中的数据具有一对多的关系。
主窗体只能显示为纵栏式的窗体,子窗体可以显示为数据表窗体,也可以显示为表格式窗体。
5图表窗体
图表窗体是利用Microsoft Graph以图表方式显示用户的数据。可以单独使用图表窗体,也可以在子窗体中使用图表窗体来增加窗体的功能。
6数据透视表窗体
数据透视表窗体是Access为了以指定的数据表,或查询为数据源产生一个Excel的分析表而建立的一个窗体形式。数据透视表窗体允许用户对表格内的数据进行操作;用户也可以改变透视表的布局,以满足不同的数据分析方式和要求。
考点4 窗体的视图
表和查询有两种视图:“数据表”视图和“设计”视图,而窗体有3种视图,即“设计”视图、“窗体”视图和“数据表”视图窗体“设计”视图是用于创建窗体或修改窗体的窗口;窗体的“窗体”视图是显示记录数据的窗口,主要用于添加或修改表中的数据;窗体的“数据表”视图是以行列格式显示表、查询或窗体数据的窗口。

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