Oracle安全数据系统架构全接触
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 2.备份归档log文件。 (1)临时停止归档进程 (2)log下那些在archive redo log目标目录中的文件 (3)重新启动archive进程 (4)备份归档的redo log 文件 3.用alter database backup controlfile命令来备份
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入
2.备份归档log文件。
(1)临时停止归档进程
(2)log下那些在archive redo log目标目录中的文件
(3)重新启动archive进程
(4)备份归档的redo log 文件
3.用alter database backup controlfile命令来备份拷贝文件
热备份的优点是:
?可在表空间或数据文件级备份,备份时间短。
?备份时数据库仍可使用。
?可达到秒级恢复(恢复到某一时间点上)。
?可对几乎所有数据库实体作恢复。
?恢复是快速的,在大多数情况下在数据库仍工作时恢复。
热备份的不足是:
?不能出错,否则后果严重。
?若热备份不成功,所得结果不可用于时间点的恢复。
?因难于维护,所以要特别仔细小心,不允许“以失败而告终”。
【二】来自内部的另外一个隐患--用户管理以及密码问题
在这里,其实作为一个差不多点的数据库管理员都很清楚,Oracle数据库本身就使用了很多种手段来加强数据库的安全性,经常见到的就有密码,角色,权限等等。那么我们就从最简单的DBSNMP
说起:
Oralce数据库如果采用典型安装后,自动创建了一个叫做DBSNMP的用户,该用户负责运行Oracle系统的智能代理(Intelligent Agent),该用户的缺省密码也是“DBSNMP”。如果忘记修改该用户的口令,任何人都可以通过该用户存取数据库系统。现在我们来看一下该用户具有哪些权限和角色,然后来分析一下该用户对数据库系统可能造成的损失。
启动SQL/PLUS程序,使用该用户登录进入:
SQL> select * from session_privs;
CREATE SESSION
ALTER SESSION
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE
CREATE TABLE
CREATE CLUSTER
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM
CREATE VIEW
CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE DATABASE LINK
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TRIGGER
ANALYZE ANY
CREATE TYPE
CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE INDEXTYPE
可以看到该用户不是SYS或SYSTEM管理用户,然而,它却具有两个系统级权限:UNLIMITED TABLESPACE和CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM。
看到这两个权限你应该马上想到,这些都是安全隐患,尤其是UNLIMITED TABLESPACE,它是破坏数据库系统的攻击点之一。如果这时候你还依然认为,即使有人利用这个没有修改的口令登录进数据库也造成不了什么损失的话,我就不得不提醒你:该用户具有UNLIMITED TABLESPACE的系统权限,它可以写一个小的脚本,然后恶意将系统用垃圾数据填满,这样数据库系统也就无法运行,并将直接导致最终的瘫痪。目前很多数据库系统都要求7X24的工作,如果出现了系统用垃圾数据填满的情况,那么,等数据库系统恢复时,恐怕不可挽回的损失已经造成了。
可是除了 DBSNMP 还有很多其他的用户,怎么办呢?让我们先看一下目前普遍存在于Oracle数据库中的用户管理问题:
(1)权限过大:对ORACLE数据库编程和浏览的一般用户常常具有DBA (数据库管理员权限),
能对数据库系统做任何修改或删除。
(2)安全性差:很多ORACLE用户缺省存储位置都在系统表空间,这样不仅影响系统的正常工
作,而且不同用户的数据信息互相影响、透明,保密性差。随着数据的不断加入,
有可能使整个数据库系统崩溃。
(3)密码有规律:在ORACLE调试初期形成的用户名和密码一致的不良习惯保留到现在;系统用户SYS和SYSTEM的密码也众所皆知。
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