数据库结构同步之通过DDL触发器记录数据库结构的变更
需求: 在开发多人协作的项目的时候,一般要同时使用多个数据库 常见的情况有: 一个开发者用的数据库(开发库), 一个测试者用的数据库(测试库), 一个正式开放给客户的数据库(正式库), 那么这三个数据库之间的数据结构的同步就将成为一个问题 如:当
需求:
在开发多人协作的项目的时候,一般要同时使用多个数据库
常见的情况有:
一个开发者用的数据库(开发库),
一个测试者用的数据库(测试库),
一个正式开放给客户的数据库(正式库),
那么这三个数据库之间的数据结构的同步就将成为一个问题
如:当开发者A在“开发库”中添加了一个表,开发者B修改了一个表...
这些数据库结构的变更势必要同步到“测试库”和“正式库”中去
但肉手记录数据库结构变更的方式即麻烦由容易出错...
如之奈何?
思考过程:
之前曾在数据库达人邹建那里看到一篇帖子(找不到了),
但试过之后发现,很多情况都会出异常...就放弃了
后来在WCF达人Artech这里看到一篇文章
追踪记录每笔业务操作数据改变的利器——SQLCDC
此文章是针对数据库表记录CURD操作的日志
并非表结构
后来我在文章评论中向Artech请教了我的问题,
得到了DDL Trigger的答案
记下来并分享
代码及解释:
USE MRLH_CM; GO --创建记录数据库结构变更的表 CREATE TABLE LogTable (DB_User nvarchar(200), EventType nvarchar(200), SQLString nvarchar(2000),ChangeTime datetime); GO CREATE TRIGGER LogTrigger ON DATABASE FOR DROP_TABLE, ALTER_TABLE ,CREATE_TABLE AS DECLARE @data XML SET @data = EVENTDATA() INSERT LogTable (DB_User, EventType, SQLString,ChangeTime) VALUES (CONVERT(nvarchar(100), CURRENT_USER), @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'nvarchar(100)'), @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'nvarchar(2000)'), GETDATE() ) ; GO
和普通的创建触发器的过程类似
就说其中的两个地方吧
1.FOR DROP_TABLE, ALTER_TABLE ,CREATE_TABLE
这里只记录了这几个事件
如果记录更多的事件请使用
FOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTS
了解更多的事件情况请访问
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186456(SQL.90).aspx
2.SET @data = EVENTDATA()
EVENTDATA()是数据库自身的方法
返回有关服务器或数据库事件的信息(XML格式)
只有直接在 DDL 或登录触发器内部引用 EVENTDATA 时,EVENTDATA 才会返回数据。
如果 EVENTDATA 由其他例程调用(即使这些例程由 DDL 或登录触发器进行调用),将返回 NULL。
@data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]
这是使用XQUERY检索XML中的数据
详细的XQUERY教程请看这里
http://www.w3school.com.cn/xquery/index.asp
注意:
--想删除表LogTable必须先删除这个触发器 DROP TRIGGER LogTrigger on database GO --删除表 DROP TABLE LogTable GO
以上代码均在MSSQLSERVER2008下测试通过
其他数据库没有测试

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