Mysql、MariaDB传统主从集群配置
Mysql和MariaDB的最基本的集群方式是主从方式,也是众多中小企业使用最多的集群方式,该集群部署简单,轻松上手,让我们一步步来吧。 测试所用版本为MariaDB 10.1 源码安装,安装到默认路径/usr/local/mysql下。 $BUILD/autorun.sh$./configure$make-j4$sudo
Mysql和MariaDB的最基本的集群方式是主从方式,也是众多中小企业使用最多的集群方式,该集群部署简单,轻松上手,让我们一步步来吧。
测试所用版本为MariaDB 10.1 源码安装,安装到默认路径/usr/local/mysql下。
$ BUILD/autorun.sh $ ./configure $ make -j4 $ sudo make install
既然是主从数据库,至少需要两个数据库实例,本文例子将两个实例部署在同一台电脑里,计划配置如下表。
实例作用 | 地址 | 端口 | 数据文件路径 | 配置文件路径 |
主 | localhost | 10001 | /home/lyw/db/data/1 | /home/lyw/db/etc/my1.cnf |
从 | localhost | 10002 | /home/lyw/db/data/2 | /home/lyw/db/etc/my2.cnf |
准备两个mysql的配置文件my1.cnf, 我们从默认配置复制过来
$ mkdir -p /home/lyw/db/etc/ $ cd /usr/local/mysql $ cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /home/lyw/db/etc/my1.cnf $ cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /home/lyw/db/etc/my2.cnf
my1.cnf修改如下几行
[mysqld] port = 10001 socket = /tmp/mysql1.sock log-bin = mysql-bin server-id = 10001 datadir = /home/lyw/db/data/1 user = lyw
my2.cnf修改如下几行
[mysqld] port = 10002 socket = /tmp/mysql2.sock log-bin = mysql-bin server-id = 10002 datadir = /home/lyw/db/data/2 user = lyw
分别初始化两个数据库
$ mkdir -p /home/lyw/db/data/ $ scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/home/lyw/db/etc/my1.cnf $ scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/home/lyw/db/etc/my2.cnf
启动两个数据库
由于是在一台电脑里,因此没有使用服务启动,而是直接用mysqld_safe启动,大家尽可根据自己的情况启动。
$ bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/lyw/db/etc/my1.cnf & $ bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/lyw/db/etc/my2.cnf &
检查两个数据库是否启动成功,对应的端口和sock文件已经存在,即表示启动成功。
$ sudo netstat -nlp |grep mysql tcp6 0 0 :::10001 :::* LISTEN 22211/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::10002 :::* LISTEN 23536/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 365439 22211/mysqld /tmp/mysql1.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 368511 23536/mysqld /tmp/mysql2.sock
MariaDB默认有两行任何本机用户都能登陆,会影响新创建的复制用户的登陆,因此需要删除。然后创建复制用户方可生效。(如果是在两台不同的电脑中运行,可以不删除这两行。)
$ bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql1.sock -uroot MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql; MariaDB [mysql]> delete from user where user=''; MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges; MariaDB [mysql]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by '123456';
然后查看master数据库的运行状态,记下这两个值。
MariaDB [mysql]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1075 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在从服务器上执行
$ bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql2.sock -uroot MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='localhost', master_port=10001, master_user='rep', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005', master_log_pos=1075; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: localhost Master_User: rep Master_Port: 10001 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1075 Relay_Log_File: lyw-hp-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 537 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
如果Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 都为Yes,则说明启动主从配置成功。
测试:
在master数据库执行
MariaDB [mysql]> create database lyw; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [mysql]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lyw | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在slave数据库执行
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lyw | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可见在主库创建的数据库lyw,在从库也有。可以在主库尝试执行其他写入语句,在丛库也能看到同样的数据。
用同样的方法,一个主数据库后面可以跟多个从数据库,增加数据的可靠性和读的吞吐量。
如果主库也配置上从从库同步数据,即互为主从,那就是常说的双主,或主主,有些文章里会说修改下自增涨id以防止冲突,我却不这样认为,双主的两个数据库并非强一致,而是有一定的延迟,很多事务处理会出现错误,皆因为延迟导致。双主并不能大大增强写入的吞吐量,因为所有数据都要在每个库写入。虽然说因为批量的缘故可以有少量提升,但是对于延迟导致的错误来说,微不足道。
配置双主是有意义的,但是并非用于同时写入,同一时间还是只写一个库,而当主挂了后,为切换主从做的准备,切换后,主再次启动时,立马就能同步到从的数据。比如在cobar集群中,就可以考虑用双主配置。
以上是传统主从复制方法,从Mysql5.6和MariaDB10.0开始,有了新的主从复制方式,可参考这篇文章:http://bangbangba.blog.51cto.com/3180873/1702294

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Laravel is a PHP framework for easy building of web applications. It provides a range of powerful features including: Installation: Install the Laravel CLI globally with Composer and create applications in the project directory. Routing: Define the relationship between the URL and the handler in routes/web.php. View: Create a view in resources/views to render the application's interface. Database Integration: Provides out-of-the-box integration with databases such as MySQL and uses migration to create and modify tables. Model and Controller: The model represents the database entity and the controller processes HTTP requests.

MySQL and phpMyAdmin are powerful database management tools. 1) MySQL is used to create databases and tables, and to execute DML and SQL queries. 2) phpMyAdmin provides an intuitive interface for database management, table structure management, data operations and user permission management.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

I encountered a tricky problem when developing a small application: the need to quickly integrate a lightweight database operation library. After trying multiple libraries, I found that they either have too much functionality or are not very compatible. Eventually, I found minii/db, a simplified version based on Yii2 that solved my problem perfectly.

Article summary: This article provides detailed step-by-step instructions to guide readers on how to easily install the Laravel framework. Laravel is a powerful PHP framework that speeds up the development process of web applications. This tutorial covers the installation process from system requirements to configuring databases and setting up routing. By following these steps, readers can quickly and efficiently lay a solid foundation for their Laravel project.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

When developing an e-commerce website using Thelia, I encountered a tricky problem: MySQL mode is not set properly, causing some features to not function properly. After some exploration, I found a module called TheliaMySQLModesChecker, which is able to automatically fix the MySQL pattern required by Thelia, completely solving my troubles.
