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python连接Mysql数据库:
python的数据库连接池包 DBUtils:
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Python实现Mysql数据库连接池

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:50 PM
mysql python accomplish database connect

python连接Mysql数据库: python编程中可以使用MySQLdb进行数据库的连接及诸如查询/插入/更新等操作,但是每次连接mysql数据库请求时,都是独立的去请求访问,相当浪费资源,而且访问数量达到一定数量时,对mysql的性能会产生较大的影响。因此,实际使用中,

python连接Mysql数据库:

python编程中可以使用MySQLdb进行数据库的连接及诸如查询/插入/更新等操作,但是每次连接mysql数据库请求时,都是独立的去请求访问,相当浪费资源,而且访问数量达到一定数量时,对mysql的性能会产生较大的影响。因此,实际使用中,通常会使用数据库的连接池技术,来访问数据库达到资源复用的目的。

数据库连接池

python的数据库连接池包 DBUtils:

DBUtils是一套Python数据库连接池包,并允许对非线程安全的数据库接口进行线程安全包装。DBUtils来自Webware for Python。

DBUtils提供两种外部接口:
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  • * PersistentDB :提供线程专用的数据库连接,并自动管理连接。
  • * PooledDB :提供线程间可共享的数据库连接,并自动管理连接。

下载地址:DBUtils   下载解压后,使用python setup.py install 命令进行安装

下面利用MySQLdb和DBUtils建立自己的mysql数据库连接池工具包

在工程目录下新建package命名为:dbConnecttion,并新建module命名为MySqlConn,下面是MySqlConn.py,该模块创建Mysql的连接池对象,并创建了如查询/插入等通用的操作方法。该部分代码实现如下:

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
Created on 2016年5月7日

@author: baocheng
1、执行带参数的SQL时,请先用sql语句指定需要输入的条件列表,然后再用tuple/list进行条件批配
2、在格式SQL中不需要使用引号指定数据类型,系统会根据输入参数自动识别
3、在输入的值中不需要使用转意函数,系统会自动处理
"""
 
import MySQLdb
from MySQLdb.cursors import DictCursor
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB
#from PooledDB import PooledDB
import Config

"""
Config是一些数据库的配置文件
"""
 
class Mysql(object):
    """
    MYSQL数据库对象,负责产生数据库连接 , 此类中的连接采用连接池实现获取连接对象:conn = Mysql.getConn()
            释放连接对象;conn.close()或del conn
    """
    #连接池对象
    __pool = None
    def __init__(self):
        #数据库构造函数,从连接池中取出连接,并生成操作游标
        self._conn = Mysql.__getConn()
        self._cursor = self._conn.cursor()
 
    @staticmethod
    def __getConn():
        """
        @summary: 静态方法,从连接池中取出连接
        @return MySQLdb.connection
        """
        if Mysql.__pool is None:
            __pool = PooledDB(creator=MySQLdb, mincached=1 , maxcached=20 ,
                              host=Config.DBHOST , port=Config.DBPORT , user=Config.DBUSER , passwd=Config.DBPWD ,
                              db=Config.DBNAME,use_unicode=False,charset=Config.DBCHAR,cursorclass=DictCursor)
        return __pool.connection()
 
    def getAll(self,sql,param=None):
        """
        @summary: 执行查询,并取出所有结果集
        @param sql:查询SQL,如果有查询条件,请只指定条件列表,并将条件值使用参数[param]传递进来
        @param param: 可选参数,条件列表值(元组/列表)
        @return: result list(字典对象)/boolean 查询到的结果集
        """
        if param is None:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql)
        else:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql,param)
        if count>0:
            result = self._cursor.fetchall()
        else:
            result = False
        return result
 
    def getOne(self,sql,param=None):
        """
        @summary: 执行查询,并取出第一条
        @param sql:查询SQL,如果有查询条件,请只指定条件列表,并将条件值使用参数[param]传递进来
        @param param: 可选参数,条件列表值(元组/列表)
        @return: result list/boolean 查询到的结果集
        """
        if param is None:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql)
        else:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql,param)
        if count>0:
            result = self._cursor.fetchone()
        else:
            result = False
        return result
 
    def getMany(self,sql,num,param=None):
        """
        @summary: 执行查询,并取出num条结果
        @param sql:查询SQL,如果有查询条件,请只指定条件列表,并将条件值使用参数[param]传递进来
        @param num:取得的结果条数
        @param param: 可选参数,条件列表值(元组/列表)
        @return: result list/boolean 查询到的结果集
        """
        if param is None:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql)
        else:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql,param)
        if count>0:
            result = self._cursor.fetchmany(num)
        else:
            result = False
        return result
 
    def insertOne(self,sql,value):
        """
        @summary: 向数据表插入一条记录
        @param sql:要插入的SQL格式
        @param value:要插入的记录数据tuple/list
        @return: insertId 受影响的行数
        """
        self._cursor.execute(sql,value)
        return self.__getInsertId()
 
    def insertMany(self,sql,values):
        """
        @summary: 向数据表插入多条记录
        @param sql:要插入的SQL格式
        @param values:要插入的记录数据tuple(tuple)/list[list]
        @return: count 受影响的行数
        """
        count = self._cursor.executemany(sql,values)
        return count
 
    def __getInsertId(self):
        """
        获取当前连接最后一次插入操作生成的id,如果没有则为0
        """
        self._cursor.execute("SELECT @@IDENTITY AS id")
        result = self._cursor.fetchall()
        return result[0]['id']
 
    def __query(self,sql,param=None):
        if param is None:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql)
        else:
            count = self._cursor.execute(sql,param)
        return count
 
    def update(self,sql,param=None):
        """
        @summary: 更新数据表记录
        @param sql: SQL格式及条件,使用(%s,%s)
        @param param: 要更新的  值 tuple/list
        @return: count 受影响的行数
        """
        return self.__query(sql,param)
 
    def delete(self,sql,param=None):
        """
        @summary: 删除数据表记录
        @param sql: SQL格式及条件,使用(%s,%s)
        @param param: 要删除的条件 值 tuple/list
        @return: count 受影响的行数
        """
        return self.__query(sql,param)
 
    def begin(self):
        """
        @summary: 开启事务
        """
        self._conn.autocommit(0)
 
    def end(self,option='commit'):
        """
        @summary: 结束事务
        """
        if option=='commit':
            self._conn.commit()
        else:
            self._conn.rollback()
 
    def dispose(self,isEnd=1):
        """
        @summary: 释放连接池资源
        """
        if isEnd==1:
            self.end('commit')
        else:
            self.end('rollback');
        self._cursor.close()
        self._conn.close()
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配置文件模块Cnofig,包括数据库的连接信息/用户名密码等:

#coding:utf-8
'''
Created on 2016年5月7日

@author: baocheng
'''
DBHOST = "localhost"
DBPORT = 33606
DBUSER = "zbc"
DBPWD = "123456"
DBNAME = "test"
DBCHAR = "utf8"
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创建test模块,测试一下使用连接池进行mysql访问:

#coding:utf-8
'''

@author: baocheng
'''
from MySqlConn import Mysql
from _sqlite3 import Row

#申请资源
mysql = Mysql()

sqlAll = "SELECT tb.uid as uid, group_concat(tb.goodsname) as goodsname FROM ( SELECT goods.uid AS uid, IF ( ISNULL(goodsrelation.goodsname), goods.goodsID, goodsrelation.goodsname ) AS goodsname FROM goods LEFT JOIN goodsrelation ON goods.goodsID = goodsrelation.goodsId ) tb GROUP BY tb.uid"
result = mysql.getAll(sqlAll)
if result :
    print "get all"
    for row in result :
        print "%s\t%s"%(row["uid"],row["goodsname"])
sqlAll = "SELECT tb.uid as uid, group_concat(tb.goodsname) as goodsname FROM ( SELECT goods.uid AS uid, IF ( ISNULL(goodsrelation.goodsname), goods.goodsID, goodsrelation.goodsname ) AS goodsname FROM goods LEFT JOIN goodsrelation ON goods.goodsID = goodsrelation.goodsId ) tb GROUP BY tb.uid"
result = mysql.getMany(sqlAll,2)
if result :
    print "get many"
    for row in result :
        print "%s\t%s"%(row["uid"],row["goodsname"])        
        
        
result = mysql.getOne(sqlAll)
print "get one"
print "%s\t%s"%(result["uid"],result["goodsname"])

#释放资源
mysql.dispose()
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当然,还有很多其他参数可以配置:

  • dbapi :数据库接口
  • mincached :启动时开启的空连接数量
  • maxcached :连接池最大可用连接数量
  • maxshared :连接池最大可共享连接数量
  • maxconnections :最大允许连接数量
  • blocking :达到最大数量时是否阻塞
  • maxusage :单个连接最大复用次数
根据自己的需要合理配置上述的资源参数,以满足自己的实际需要。
至此,python中的mysql连接池实现完了,下次就直接拿来用就好了。
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