php-fig - PHP 中 side-effects 是什么?
PHP-FIG 中 PSR-1 有这样一段描述
Files SHOULD either declare symbols (classes, functions, constants, etc.) or cause side-effects (e.g. generate output, change .ini settings, etc.) but SHOULD NOT do both.
其中
side-effects (e.g. generate output, change .ini settings, etc.)
不明其意, 请高手们赐教
回复内容:
PHP-FIG 中 PSR-1 有这样一段描述
Files SHOULD either declare symbols (classes, functions, constants, etc.) or cause side-effects (e.g. generate output, change .ini settings, etc.) but SHOULD NOT do both.
其中
side-effects (e.g. generate output, change .ini settings, etc.)
不明其意, 请高手们赐教
副作用,就如这句英文所说:
side-effects (e.g. generate output, change .ini settings, etc.)
包括产生输出、改变ini设置等等~ 我个人认为副作用就指对环境产生影响的代码。除了上面说的,还包括写入数据库、写入缓存、调用带数据写入的接口、增加计数器计数等等等等……
PSR-1里这条规范的意思是,把能产生副作用的程序(直接写在主程序体中的、没有做任何封装的 “裸”代码)和纯声明/定义性的程序分别放在不同的文件里。主要原因是,php里所有的文件只要引入就会被执行。纯声明的程序可以直接通过require/include安全引入(通常只能引入一次),而且通常与引入顺序无关;而带副作用的程序直接require/include引入可以一次或多次,且会影响环境,甚至有对顺序的依赖。这两种代码混在一起容易导致逻辑混乱。所以有这么一条设置。
而像@suchasplus 举例的
function getResult($i){ $j = $i * 2; printf("i x 2 = %ld", $j); return $j; }
这种情况属于函数声明/定义,不是会产生副作用的代码。
另例如,如果需要引入一个文件就计数一次,最终统计一共引入了几个文件(当然有其他方法可以做到这个功能,这里仅供举例),如果你这么做:
//main.php <?php $file_count = 0; require 'a.php'; require 'b.php'; echo $file_count; ?> //a.php <?php function a(){ //... } $file_count ++; ?> //b.php <?php function b(){ //... } $file_count ++; ?>
这里,在a.php
和b.php
里 $file_count++
就属于会产生副作用的程序,而 function a
和function b
则属于声明性程序,如此混用就属于违反PSR-1的设计。对此,一种符合规范的改进则是将a.php
和b.php
里的$file_count++
提到单独文件:
//main.php <?php $file_count = 0; require 'a.php'; require 'count_file.php'; require 'b.php'; require 'count_file.php'; echo $file_count; ?> //a.php <?php function a(){ //... } ?> //b.php <?php function b(){ //... } ?> //file_count.php <?php $file_count ++; ?>
side effect就是副作用的意思 比如
function getResult($i){
$j = $i * 2;
printf("i x 2 = %ld", $j);
return $j;
}
printf这句话就是side effect
Pascal中有function和procedure的区分, 即函数和过程
PHP用function都包含了, 就像PHP的array包含了tuple/list/dict一样

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