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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial mysql数据表之间是多对多的关系时,中间表如果加上`id`主键,会不会比不加主键快?

mysql数据表之间是多对多的关系时,中间表如果加上`id`主键,会不会比不加主键快?

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:35 PM
mysql php

比如商品表和属性表,因为是多对多的关系,所以有个商品属性中间表;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dslxs_goods_attr (
goods_id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '商品的id',
attr_id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '属性的id',
KEY goods_id (goods_id),
KEY attr_id (attr_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='商品属性中间表';
如果在这张表中加个id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,并设为主键PRIMARY KEY (id)。这样会不会快点,没有大数据测试不起来,哪位经验多的请告知一下。。

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比如商品表和属性表,因为是多对多的关系,所以有个商品属性中间表;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dslxs_goods_attr (
goods_id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '商品的id',
attr_id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '属性的id',
KEY goods_id (goods_id),
KEY attr_id (attr_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='商品属性中间表';
如果在这张表中加个id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,并设为主键PRIMARY KEY (id)。这样会不会快点,没有大数据测试不起来,哪位经验多的请告知一下。。

所谓的KEY只是索引的别名而已,而索引才是提升你这种映射表查询速度的关键,而你已经设置了这两个字段的索引了。现在可能要做的就是加个外键,提升表和整个数据库的稳定性,其他的也就这样了,加唯一键反而会略微增加插入负担,而且肯定不会有基于这个唯一键的查询,也许存在基于这个键的删除(可能性很小,非要加速的话,就添加一个二者的联合索引,插入会变慢,索引文件会变大)。

大致就是这样,要跳出所有表都要来个唯一递增键的误区。

补充一点,希望有些帮助。

聚簇索引:
MySQL InnoDB一定会建立聚簇索引,把实际数据行和相关的键值保存在一块,这也决定了一个表只能有一个聚簇索引,即MySQL不会一次把数据行保存在二个地方。
1) InnoDB通常根据主键值(primary key)进行聚簇
2) 如果没有创建主键,则会用一个唯一且不为空的索引列做为主键,成为此表的聚簇索引
3) 上面二个条件都不满足,InnoDB会自己创建一个虚拟的聚集索引

优点:
聚簇索引的优点,就是提高数据访问性能。聚簇索引把索引和数据都保存到同一棵B+树数据结构中,并且同时将索引列与相关数据行保存在一起。这意味着,当你访问同一数据页不同行记录时,已经把页加载到了Buffer中,再次访问的时候,会在内存中完成访问,不必访问磁盘。不同于MyISAM引擎,它将索引和数据没有放在一块,放在不同的物理文件中,索引文件是缓存在key_buffer中,索引对应的是磁盘位置,不得不通过磁盘位置访问磁盘数据。

缺点:
1) 维护索引很昂贵,特别是插入新行或者主键被更新导至要分页(page split)的时候。建议在大量插入新行后,选在负载较低的时间段,通过OPTIMIZE TABLE优化表,因为必须被移动的行数据可能造成碎片。使用独享表空间可以弱化碎片

2) 表因为使用UUId作为主键,使数据存储稀疏,这就会出现聚簇索引有可能有比全表扫面更慢,所以建议使用int的auto_increment作为主键
3) 如果主键比较大的话,那辅助索引将会变的更大,因为辅助索引的叶子存储的是主键值;过长的主键值,会导致非叶子节点占用占用更多的物理空间

引自:http://blog.csdn.net/wyzxg/article/details/8779235

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