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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial MySQL编码不一致,为什么还能显示中文?

MySQL编码不一致,为什么还能显示中文?

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:32 PM
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MySQL编码不一致,为什么还能显示中文?

1)不是应该用相同的编码才不会乱码的吗?
另外,数据库的编码是latin1不是不支持中文的吗?为什么我这里能显示中文?

2)还有一点不理解的是:我用set names utf8后,中文会乱码;
用set names gbk 后,中文能正常显示了,还是不太理解,为什么utf8不能显示中文?

3)我设置了set names gbk后,中文显示没有问题了。但关闭客户端再打开的时候,又必须再来一次set names gbk才能显示中文,怎么解决这个问题。

回复内容:

MySQL编码不一致,为什么还能显示中文?

1)不是应该用相同的编码才不会乱码的吗?
另外,数据库的编码是latin1不是不支持中文的吗?为什么我这里能显示中文?

2)还有一点不理解的是:我用set names utf8后,中文会乱码;
用set names gbk 后,中文能正常显示了,还是不太理解,为什么utf8不能显示中文?

3)我设置了set names gbk后,中文显示没有问题了。但关闭客户端再打开的时候,又必须再来一次set names gbk才能显示中文,怎么解决这个问题。

1、MySQL 的字符集支持有两个方面:字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次: 服务器(server),数据库(database),数据表(table)和连接(connection)。

2、Db characterset: 你对这个理解好像有些偏差,这个是指当前数据库默认字符集, 请看下面例子。

<code>CREATE DATABASE `db_test1` CHARACTER SET 'utf8'  COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

use db_test1;

status;

Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8

----------------------------------------

CREATE DATABASE `db_test2` CHARACTER SET 'latin1' COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci';

use db_test2;

status;

Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
</code>
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3、Server characterset 是指你创建数据库时如果不指定字符集时候使用的默认字符集。

4、Client characterset 是客户端连接到mysql所用的字符集,也就是说是使用这种字符集和数据库进行交互的。数据库最终存储的二进制,也就是说按照这个编码把当前输入的字符进行编码成对应的二进制。可以在登录mysql指定。

<code>mysql -uroot -p --default-character-set=latin1

或

set names latin1
</code>
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现在已经指定字符集有好几种,服务器、客户端、数据库已经表等。 所以对于“对应编码相同就不会乱码”就需要重新理解一下,我的理解是:当客户端和数据库表所用的字符集一致就不会乱码。注意:服务器字符集可以使用utf-8、数据库字符集可以用GBK,而最终的表也可以为utf8。

<code>CREATE DATABASE `db_test1` CHARACTER SET 'utf8'  COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

use db_test1;

show create database db_test1;

+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                   |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| db_test1 | CREATE DATABASE `db_test1` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

create table test(name varchar(20)) default charset = latin1; 

show create table test;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                   |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test  | CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

退出后重新连mysql

mysql db_test1 --default-character-set=latin1


status

Connection id:          299
Current database:       db_test1
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.6.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    latin1
Conn.  characterset:    latin1

insert into test values('中文测试');

select * from test;
+--------------+
| name         |
+--------------+
| 中文测试 |
+--------------+

可以看到这里没有看到乱码。当使用命令set names 修改客户端字符集的情况

mysql> set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------------------------------+
| name                         |
+------------------------------+
| 中文测试 |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----------------+
| name           |
+----------------+
| ???????? |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
</code>
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因为 windows 下的 cmd 不支持 utf8 编码,所以使用 utf8 编码会乱码。

因为是在windows下,所以set names gbk显示正常
Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8
这样就不用每次set names gbk

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