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解析PHP多种序列化与反序列化的方法

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:30 PM
php Deserialization

本篇文章是对PHP中多种序列化与反序列化的方法进行了详细的分析介绍,需要的朋友参考下

序列化是将变量转换为可保存或传输的字符串的过程;反序列化就是在适当的时候把这个字符串再转化成原来的变量使用。这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据,使程序更具维护性。
1. serialize和unserialize函数
这两个是序列化和反序列化PHP中数据的常用函数。

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = array('a'=> 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut');
//序列化数组
$s = serialize($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:a:3:{s:1:"a";s:5:"Apple";s:1:"b";s:6:"banana";s:1:"c";s:7:"Coconut";}
echo '

';
//反序列化
$o = unserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果 Array ( [a] => Apple [b] => banana [c] => Coconut )
?>


当数组值包含如双引号、单引号或冒号等字符时,香港虚拟主机,它们被反序列化后,可能会出现问题。为了克服这个问题,一个巧妙的技巧是使用base64_encode和base64_decode。

复制代码 代码如下:


$obj = array();
//序列化
$s = base64_encode(serialize($obj));
//反序列化
$original = unserialize(base64_decode($s));
但是base64编码将增加字符串的长度。为了克服这个问题,可以和gzcompress一起使用。
//定义一个用来序列化对象的函数
function my_serialize($obj )
{
returnbase64_encode(gzcompress(serialize($obj)));
}
//反序列化
function my_unserialize($txt)
{
returnunserialize(gzuncompress(base64_decode($txt)));
}


2. json_encode 和 json_decode
使用JSON格式序列化和反序列化是一个不错的选择:
使用json_encode和json_decode格式输出要serialize和unserialize格式快得多。
JSON格式是可读的。
JSON格式比serialize返回数据结果小。
JSON格式是开放的、可移植的。其他语言也可以使用它。

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = array('a'=> 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut');

//序列化数组
$s = json_encode($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果:{"a":"Apple","b":"banana","c":"Coconut"}
echo '

';
//反序列化
$o = json_decode($s);


在上面的例子中,json_encode输出长度比上个例子中serialize输出长度显然要短。
3. var_export 和 eval
var_export 函数把变量作为一个字符串输出;eval把字符串当成PHP代码来执行,反序列化得到最初变量的内容。

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = array('a'=> 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut');

//序列化数组
$s = var_export($a, true);
echo $s;
//输出结果: array ( 'a' => 'Apple', 'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut', )
echo '

';
//反序列化
eval('$my_var='. $s . ';');
print_r($my_var);


4. wddx_serialize_value 和 wddx deserialize
wddx_serialize_value函数可以序列化数组变量,虚拟主机,并以XML字符串形式输出。

复制代码 代码如下:


$a = array('a'=> 'Apple' ,'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'Coconut');

//序列化数组
$s = wddx_serialize_value($a);
echo $s;
//输出结果(查看输出字符串的源码):

ApplebananaCoconut
echo '

';
//反序列化
$o = wddx_deserialize($s);
print_r($o);
//输出结果:Array ( [a] => Apple [b] => banana 1 => Coconut )


可以看出,XML标签字符较多,香港空间,导致这种格式的序列化还是占了很多空间。
小结
上述所有的函数在序列化数组变量时都能正常执行,但运用到对象就不同了。例如json_encode序列化对象就会失败。反序列化对象时,unserialize和eval将有不同的效果。
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