


nginx-php5-fpm - 当nginx显示502 Bad Gateway错误,如何实现用户无感知的自动重启php-fpm
最近nginx间隙性的出现502错误,如何实现自动重启php-fpm呢
想到的解决方案
1、使用crontab定时执行shell脚本,出现错误后重启(每5秒定时执行)
2、使用nohup,shell脚本后台执行
示例脚本
<code>#!/bin/bash while : do URL="http://192.168.1.30" RESULT=`curl -m 10 -I -s $URL | grep "HTTP/1.1 502"` if [ -n "$RESULT" ]; then /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart fi sleep 5 done </code>
3、编写nginx模块,通过条件执行shell脚本
能想到的也就是这几种了,感觉这几种方案都不太好,谁有更好的解决方案?
回复内容:
最近nginx间隙性的出现502错误,如何实现自动重启php-fpm呢
想到的解决方案
1、使用crontab定时执行shell脚本,出现错误后重启(每5秒定时执行)
2、使用nohup,shell脚本后台执行
示例脚本
<code>#!/bin/bash while : do URL="http://192.168.1.30" RESULT=`curl -m 10 -I -s $URL | grep "HTTP/1.1 502"` if [ -n "$RESULT" ]; then /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart fi sleep 5 done </code>
3、编写nginx模块,通过条件执行shell脚本
能想到的也就是这几种了,感觉这几种方案都不太好,谁有更好的解决方案?
受到fastcgi_next_upstream这个参数的启发,使用PHP-FPM线程池的概念,可以完美的解决502错误(http_502是没有的)
http里面的配置
<code>upstream php_fpm_sock{ server unix:/dev/shm/php-fpm.socket; server unix:/dev/shm/php-fpm-b.socket; server unix:/dev/shm/php-fpm-c.socket; } fastcgi_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_503 http_500; </code>
server里面fastcgi_pass配置
<code>location ~* \.php$ { fastcgi_pass **unix:php_fpm_sock;** fastcgi_index index.php; client_max_body_size 50M; client_body_temp_path /data/www/tmp; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi.conf; include fastcgi_params; } </code>
php-fpm的配置
<code>#/etc/php-fpm.conf 文件包含多个配置文件 include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf #/etc/php-fpm.d/ 目录 www-a.conf www-b.conf www-c.conf #配置,三个文件这里不一致,分别对应 #Start a new pool named www-a [www-a] listen = /dev/shm/php-fpm.socket </code>
ps -ef 查看
<code>www 17996 31539 0 12:13 ? 00:00:51 php-fpm: pool www-b www 17999 31539 0 12:13 ? 00:00:48 php-fpm: pool www-a www 18010 31539 0 12:14 ? 00:00:46 php-fpm: pool www-b www 18063 31539 0 12:25 ? 00:00:42 php-fpm: pool www-c www 18153 31539 0 12:47 ? 00:00:34 php-fpm: pool www-c www 18154 31539 1 12:47 ? 00:00:37 php-fpm: pool www-a www 18185 31539 0 12:55 ? 00:00:29 php-fpm: pool www-c www 18313 31539 0 13:24 ? 00:00:10 php-fpm: pool www-a</code>
1、启动的各个PHP-FPM线程池,只要不都挂掉,nginx就可以正常执行PHP,如果有的异常退出了,基本也不影响网站运行
2、fastcgi_next_upstream那行的参数,不需要加http_502,实际你也加不上去的
3、原有的每段类似这种location ~ \.php$ {} 代码都需要对fastcgi_pass这行根据示例改造
Nginx可以配置fastcgi_next_upstream实现故障转移,比如:
<code>fastcgi_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503;</code>
后端PHP-FPM返回error、timeout等信息则自动切换到upstream里的下一台PHP-FPM应用服务器。
个人觉得最好还是找出PHP-FPM工作进程崩溃的原因,是代码问题,还是系统资源不足导致响应超时。
注意两点,一是不要在PHP-FPM里执行耗时太长或不确定的代码,比如curl发出网络请求。二是PHP-FPM工作进程不是越多越好,个人认为,PHP-FPM工作进程数,设置为2倍CPU核心数就足够了。毕竟,Nginx和MySQL以及系统同样要消耗CPU。根据服务器内存来设置PHP-FPM进程数是非常不合理的,把内存分配给MySQL、Memcached这些服务显然更合适,过多的PHP-FPM进程反而会增加CPU上下文切换的开销。

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