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php打开文件fopen函数的使用说明

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:28 PM
fopen php open a file

本篇文章是对php中的打开文件fopen函数的使用进行了详细的分析介绍,需要的朋友参考下

1.resource  fopen(string  $filename, string $mode [,bool $use_include_path [, resource $zcontext]])
函数功能:
fopen() 将 filename 指定的名字资源绑定到一个流上。如果filename 是 "scheme://..." 的格式,则被当成一个 URL,PHP 将搜索协议处理器(也被称为封装协议)来处理此模式。如果该协议尚未注册封装协议,PHP 将发出一条消息来帮助检查脚本中潜在的问题并将filename 当成一个普通的文件名继续执行下去。
如果 PHP 认为 filename 指定的是一个本地文件,将尝试在该文件上打开一个流。该文件必须是 PHP 可以访问的,因此需要确认文件访问权限允许该访问。如果激活了安全模式或者open_basedir 则会应用进一步的限制。

如果 PHP 认为 filename 指定的是一个已注册的协议,而该协议被注册为一个网络 URL,PHP 将检查并确认allow_url_fopen 已被激活。如果关闭了,PHP 将发出一个警告,而 fopen 的调用则失败。

filename:规定要打开的文件或URL。
mode:规定要求到该文件/流的访问类型。
include_path:可选,如果也需要在include_path中检索文件的话,可以将该参数设为1或TRUE。
context:可选,规定文件句柄的环境,Context是可以修该流的行为的一套选项。

mode 参数的可能的值
mode  说明
"r"  只读方式打开,将文件指针指向文件头。
"r+"  读写方式打开,虚拟主机,将文件指针指向文件头。
"w"  写入方式打开,将文件指针指向文件头并将文件大小截为零。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
"w+"  读写方式打开,将文件指针指向文件头并将文件大小截为零。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
"a"  写入方式打开,虚拟主机,将文件指针指向文件末尾。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
"a+"  读写方式打开,将文件指针指向文件末尾。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
"x"  
创建并以写入方式打开,将文件指针指向文件头。如果文件已存在,则 fopen() 调用失败并返回 FALSE,并生成一条 E_WARNING 级别的错误信息。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
这和给底层的 open(2) 系统调用指定 O_EXCL|O_CREAT 标记是等价的。
此选项被 PHP 4.3.2 以及以后的版本所支持,仅能用于本地文件。

"x+"  
创建并以读写方式打开,将文件指针指向文件头。如果文件已存在,则 fopen() 调用失败并返回 FALSE,并生成一条 E_WARNING 级别的错误信息。如果文件不存在则尝试创建之。
这和给底层的 open(2) 系统调用指定 O_EXCL|O_CREAT 标记是等价的。
此选项被 PHP 4.3.2 以及以后的版本所支持,仅能用于本地文件。

Note:
不同的操作系统家族具有不同的行结束习惯。当写入一个文本文件并想插入一个新行时,需要使用符合操作系统的行结束符号。基于 Unix 的系统使用\n 作为行结束字符,基于 Windows 的系统使用 \r\n 作为行结束字符,基于 Macintosh 的系统使用 \r 作为行结束字符。

如果写入文件时使用了错误的行结束符号,则其它应用程序打开这些文件时可能会表现得很怪异。
Windows 下提供了一个文本转换标记('t')可以透明地将 \n 转换为 \r\n。与此对应还可以使用'b' 来强制使用二进制模式,这样就不会转换数据。要使用这些标记,要么用 'b' 或者用 't' 作为 mode 参数的最后一个字符。

默认的转换模式依赖于 SAPI 和所使用的 PHP 版本,免备案空间,因此为了便于移植鼓励总是指定恰当的标记。如果是操作纯文本文件并在脚本中使用了\n 作为行结束符,但还要期望这些文件可以被其它应用程序例如 Notepad 读取,则在 mode 中使用 't'。在所有其它情况下使用'b'。

在操作二进制文件时如果没有指定 'b' 标记,可能会碰到一些奇怪的问题,包括坏掉的图片文件以及关于 \r\n 字符的奇怪问题。

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