在 c 语言中实现链表：创建一个typedef struct node的结构体，其中包含data和next成员，并使用指向链表头部的指针head。在 c 语言中实现栈：使用整形数组stack和顶部指针top，push()函数在栈顶添加元素，pop()函数从栈顶移除并返回元素。在 c 语言中实现队列：使用整形数组queue和front、rear指针，enqueue()函数在队尾添加元素，dequeue()函数从队头移除并返回元素。在 c 语言中实现二叉树：创建一个typedef struct node的结构体，其中包含data、left和right成员，并使用指向二叉树根节点的指针root。5.
C语言算法问答集：掌握基础数据结构和算法
问：如何在C语言中实现一个链表？
typedef struct Node {
int data;
struct Node* next;
} Node;
Node* head = NULL; // 指向链表头的指针问：如何用C语言实现一个栈？
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#define MAX_SIZE 100
int stack[MAX_SIZE];
int top = -1;
void push(int value) {
if (top == MAX_SIZE - 1) {
printf("Stack overflow!");
} else {
stack[++top] = value;
}
}
int pop() {
if (top == -1) {
printf("Stack underflow!");
return -1;
} else {
return stack[top--];
}
}问：如何用C语言实现一个队列？
#define MAX_SIZE 100
int queue[MAX_SIZE];
int front = -1;
int rear = -1;
void enqueue(int value) {
if ((front == 0 && rear == MAX_SIZE - 1) || (rear == (front - 1) % (MAX_SIZE - 1))) {
printf("Queue overflow!");
} else {
if (front == -1) {
front = rear = 0;
} else if (rear == MAX_SIZE - 1 && front != 0) {
rear = 0;
} else {
rear++;
}
queue[rear] = value;
}
}
int dequeue() {
if (front == -1) {
printf("Queue underflow!");
return -1;
} else {
int value = queue[front];
if (front == rear) {
front = rear = -1;
} else if (front == MAX_SIZE - 1) {
front = 0;
} else {
front++;
}
return value;
}
}问：如何用C语言实现一个二叉树？
typedef struct Node {
int data;
struct Node* left;
struct Node* right;
} Node;
Node* root = NULL; // 指向二叉树根节点的指针问：如何用C语言实现一个图？
typedef struct Graph {
int num_vertices;
int** adj_matrix;
} Graph;
Graph* create_graph(int num_vertices) {
Graph* graph = (Graph*)malloc(sizeof(Graph));
graph->num_vertices = num_vertices;
graph->adj_matrix = (int**)malloc(num_vertices * sizeof(int*));
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertices; i++) {
graph->adj_matrix[i] = (int*)malloc(num_vertices * sizeof(int));
}
for (int i = 0; i < num_vertices; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < num_vertices; j++) {
graph->adj_matrix[i][j] = 0;
}
}
return graph;
}
void add_edge(Graph* graph, int src, int dest) {
graph->adj_matrix[src][dest] = 1;
}实战案例：
使用链表存储一组学生成绩，并根据成绩从小到大排序：
typedef struct Student {
int id;
int score;
} Student;
Node* head = NULL;
// 插入一个学生成绩
void insert(int id, int score) {
Node* new_node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
new_node->data.id = id;
new_node->data.score = score;
if (head == NULL) {
head = new_node;
return;
}
Node* curr = head;
while (curr->next != NULL && curr->next->data.score < score) {
curr = curr->next;
}
new_node->next = curr->next;
curr->next = new_node;
}
// 按成绩从小到大排序
void sort() {
Node* curr = head;
Node* next;
while (curr != NULL) {
next = curr->next;
while (next != NULL) {
if (curr->data.score > next->data.score) {
int tmp_id = curr->data.id;
int tmp_score = curr->data.score;
curr->data.id = next->data.id;
curr->data.score = next->data.score;
next->data.id = tmp_id;
next->data.score = tmp_score;
}
next = next->next;
}
curr = curr->next;
}
} 
