设计模式 - 关于PHP单例模式,有一点不明白,求指教!
首先,我定义个类,实现单例模式:(这里是简单一写,就是个最基本的单例)
<code>class Demo { public static $instance; private function __Construct() { //TODO } public static function getInstance() { if(!self::$instance){ self::$instance = new static(); } return self::$instance; } public function call() { //其他方法 } }</code>
下面有两种方式实例化类:
1.在需要用的地方
<code>$aa = Demo::getInstance(); $bb = Demo::getInstance(); $cc = Demo::getInstance();</code>
这样调用肯定是没问题的,一般情况也是这样初始化。
2.定义一个普通类,写个函数初始化,保存在一个静态变量,如下:
类:
<code>class Demo{ public function __Construct(){ //TODO } }</code>
函数:
<code>function get_obj(){ static $obj; if($obj){ return $obj; }else{ $obj = new Demo; return $obj; } }</code>
在需要调用的地方这样写:
<code>$obj = get_obj(); $obj->call(); $obj2 = get_obj(); $obj2->call(); $obj3 = get_obj(); $obj3 = get_obj();</code>
这样不是也只实例化一次这个类吗?
回复内容:
首先,我定义个类,实现单例模式:(这里是简单一写,就是个最基本的单例)
<code>class Demo { public static $instance; private function __Construct() { //TODO } public static function getInstance() { if(!self::$instance){ self::$instance = new static(); } return self::$instance; } public function call() { //其他方法 } }</code>
下面有两种方式实例化类:
1.在需要用的地方
<code>$aa = Demo::getInstance(); $bb = Demo::getInstance(); $cc = Demo::getInstance();</code>
这样调用肯定是没问题的,一般情况也是这样初始化。
2.定义一个普通类,写个函数初始化,保存在一个静态变量,如下:
类:
<code>class Demo{ public function __Construct(){ //TODO } }</code>
函数:
<code>function get_obj(){ static $obj; if($obj){ return $obj; }else{ $obj = new Demo; return $obj; } }</code>
在需要调用的地方这样写:
<code>$obj = get_obj(); $obj->call(); $obj2 = get_obj(); $obj2->call(); $obj3 = get_obj(); $obj3 = get_obj();</code>
这样不是也只实例化一次这个类吗?
完善的单例应该是这样的
class Foobar { static private $instance; // 禁止外部new Foobar private function __construct() { } // 禁止clone $foobar private function __clone() { } static public function getInstance() { retrun self::$instance ?: (self::$instance = new self); } }
如果还要考虑到继承的话
class Foo { static private $instances = []; protected function __construct() { } final private function __clone() { } final static public function getInstance() { $class = get_called_class(); if (!isset(self::$instances[$class])) { self::$instances[$class] = new static; } return self::$instances[$class]; } } class Bar extends Foo { } $foo = Foo::getInstance(); $bar = Bar::getInstance();
get_obj()那种写法,也可以达到目的,但无法禁止new和clone,也就无法做到真正的单例
这问题我也有印象,我也答过一次
http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000003894638
看了一下还是题主你,为毛要问两遍……
然后你的第二种方式并非单例,请不要陷入抠概念的误区
偶尔也有你这种用法的,少见,并且不好。在一般情况下用一个特定对象就行了,特殊情况下需要新的实例的场合会用,但一般也不会这么写(早期的PHP会有一些类这么做)
= = 所以呢?
两种写法而已啊。。。
另外,你无论怎么看,都还是第一种更清晰,更独立,更好用啊。。。
第一种封装、抽象的更好,更加符合面向对象啊。
存一个静态变量或者另外弄个函数什么的,你不觉得乱嘛。。。
静态变量可以定义在函数里或者类属性,两种写法都可以,但前者封装性会比较好些。
楼主给了我启发,过程式编程中,在全局函数内用静态变量存储数据库连接实现单例:
<code><?php // config.php $app = array( 'db_host' => '127.0.0.1', 'db_username' => 'root', 'db_password' => '', 'db_name' => 'mysql' ); // functions.php function cn_db() { global $app; static $mysqli; if ($mysqli) { return $mysqli; } else { $mysqli = new mysqli($app['db_host'], $app['db_username'], $app['db_password'], $app['db_name']); return $mysqli; } } function cn_foo1() { $mysqli = cn_db(); return $mysqli->query('select user,host from user where user = \'root\'')->fetch_all(); } function cn_foo2() { $mysqli = cn_db(); return $mysqli->query('select user,host from user')->fetch_all(); } // controller + view print_r(cn_foo1()); print_r(cn_foo2());</code>
$instance = new static(); (楼主这行代码写错了),感觉单例模式就是个思想,你第一个例子就是面向对象,第二个例子既有面向对象,又有面向过程。
单例模式是指整个应用中类只有一个对象实例的设计模式。
第二种方式是单例吗?
<code>class Demo { public function __construct(){ //TODO } } function get_obj() { static $obj; if($obj){ return $obj; }else{ $obj = new Demo; return $obj; } } var_dump(get_obj()); var_dump(new Demo); </code>
得出的是2个不同的实例
你那样写不符合面向对象思想的,而且你的单例模式也不完整,没有考虑到clone和extends的情况。可以参考下http://www.xtwind.com/design-pattern-singleton.html
单例模式,是一种设计思想实现方式
单例首先是面向对象里面的概念,
第二种就不是面向对象
get_obj()那种写法无法保证外部不new Demo对象
单例的要义第一:私有化构造方法,当然PHP还提供了clone魔术方法,也要私有化。这样做事为了保证外部实例化对象的入口只有一个,只能是我们暴露出来的静态函数getInstance()
单例模式,三私一公,其中的三私:构造方法,克隆魔术方法,实例化对象。一公:对外提供的方法

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