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回复内容:
单例模式是指整个应用中类只有一个对象实例的设计模式。
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 设计模式 - 关于PHP单例模式,有一点不明白,求指教!

设计模式 - 关于PHP单例模式,有一点不明白,求指教!

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:25 PM
php Singleton Design Patterns

首先,我定义个类,实现单例模式:(这里是简单一写,就是个最基本的单例)

<code>class Demo
{
    public static $instance;
    
    private function __Construct()
    {
        //TODO
    }
    
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if(!self::$instance){
            self::$instance = new static();
        }
        
        return self::$instance;
    }
    
    public function call()
    {
        //其他方法
    }
}</code>
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Copy after login

下面有两种方式实例化类:

1.在需要用的地方

<code>$aa = Demo::getInstance();
$bb = Demo::getInstance();
$cc = Demo::getInstance();</code>
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Copy after login

这样调用肯定是没问题的,一般情况也是这样初始化。

2.定义一个普通类,写个函数初始化,保存在一个静态变量,如下:

类:

<code>class Demo{
    public function __Construct(){
        //TODO
    }
}</code>
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Copy after login

函数:

<code>function get_obj(){
    static $obj;
    if($obj){
        return $obj;
    }else{
        $obj = new Demo;
        return $obj;
    }
}</code>
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Copy after login

在需要调用的地方这样写:

<code>$obj = get_obj();
$obj->call();

$obj2 = get_obj();
$obj2->call();

$obj3 = get_obj();
$obj3 = get_obj();</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

这样不是也只实例化一次这个类吗?

回复内容:

首先,我定义个类,实现单例模式:(这里是简单一写,就是个最基本的单例)

<code>class Demo
{
    public static $instance;
    
    private function __Construct()
    {
        //TODO
    }
    
    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if(!self::$instance){
            self::$instance = new static();
        }
        
        return self::$instance;
    }
    
    public function call()
    {
        //其他方法
    }
}</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

下面有两种方式实例化类:

1.在需要用的地方

<code>$aa = Demo::getInstance();
$bb = Demo::getInstance();
$cc = Demo::getInstance();</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

这样调用肯定是没问题的,一般情况也是这样初始化。

2.定义一个普通类,写个函数初始化,保存在一个静态变量,如下:

类:

<code>class Demo{
    public function __Construct(){
        //TODO
    }
}</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

函数:

<code>function get_obj(){
    static $obj;
    if($obj){
        return $obj;
    }else{
        $obj = new Demo;
        return $obj;
    }
}</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

在需要调用的地方这样写:

<code>$obj = get_obj();
$obj->call();

$obj2 = get_obj();
$obj2->call();

$obj3 = get_obj();
$obj3 = get_obj();</code>
Copy after login
Copy after login

这样不是也只实例化一次这个类吗?

完善的单例应该是这样的

class Foobar {
    static private $instance;
    
    // 禁止外部new Foobar
    private function __construct() {
    }
    
    // 禁止clone $foobar
    private function __clone() {
    }
    
    static public function getInstance() {
        retrun self::$instance
            ?: (self::$instance = new self);
    }
}
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如果还要考虑到继承的话

class Foo {
    static private $instances = [];

    protected function __construct() {
    }

    final private function __clone() {
    }

    final static public function getInstance() {
        $class = get_called_class();

        if (!isset(self::$instances[$class])) {
            self::$instances[$class] = new static;
        }

        return self::$instances[$class];
    }
}

class Bar extends Foo {

}

$foo = Foo::getInstance();
$bar = Bar::getInstance();
Copy after login

get_obj()那种写法,也可以达到目的,但无法禁止new和clone,也就无法做到真正的单例

这问题我也有印象,我也答过一次
http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000003894638
看了一下还是题主你,为毛要问两遍……

然后你的第二种方式并非单例,请不要陷入抠概念的误区
偶尔也有你这种用法的,少见,并且不好。在一般情况下用一个特定对象就行了,特殊情况下需要新的实例的场合会用,但一般也不会这么写(早期的PHP会有一些类这么做)

= = 所以呢?
两种写法而已啊。。。
另外,你无论怎么看,都还是第一种更清晰,更独立,更好用啊。。。
第一种封装、抽象的更好,更加符合面向对象啊。
存一个静态变量或者另外弄个函数什么的,你不觉得乱嘛。。。

静态变量可以定义在函数里或者类属性,两种写法都可以,但前者封装性会比较好些。

楼主给了我启发,过程式编程中,在全局函数内用静态变量存储数据库连接实现单例:

<code><?php
// config.php
$app = array(
    'db_host'        => '127.0.0.1',
    'db_username'    => 'root',
    'db_password'    => '',
    'db_name'        => 'mysql'
);
// functions.php
function cn_db() {
    global $app;
    static $mysqli;
    if ($mysqli) {
        return $mysqli;
    } else {
        $mysqli = new mysqli($app['db_host'], $app['db_username'], $app['db_password'], $app['db_name']);
        return $mysqli;
    }
}
function cn_foo1() {
    $mysqli = cn_db();
    return $mysqli->query('select user,host from user where user = \'root\'')->fetch_all();
}
function cn_foo2() {
    $mysqli = cn_db();
    return $mysqli->query('select user,host from user')->fetch_all();
}
// controller + view
print_r(cn_foo1());
print_r(cn_foo2());</code>
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$instance = new static(); (楼主这行代码写错了),感觉单例模式就是个思想,你第一个例子就是面向对象,第二个例子既有面向对象,又有面向过程。

单例模式是指整个应用中类只有一个对象实例的设计模式。

第二种方式是单例吗?

<code>class Demo {
    public function __construct(){
        //TODO
    }
}
function get_obj() {
    static $obj;
    if($obj){
        return $obj;
    }else{
        $obj = new Demo;
        return $obj;
    }
}

var_dump(get_obj());
var_dump(new Demo);
</code>
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得出的是2个不同的实例

你那样写不符合面向对象思想的,而且你的单例模式也不完整,没有考虑到clone和extends的情况。可以参考下http://www.xtwind.com/design-pattern-singleton.html

单例模式,是一种设计思想实现方式

单例首先是面向对象里面的概念,
第二种就不是面向对象

get_obj()那种写法无法保证外部不new Demo对象

单例的要义第一:私有化构造方法,当然PHP还提供了clone魔术方法,也要私有化。这样做事为了保证外部实例化对象的入口只有一个,只能是我们暴露出来的静态函数getInstance()

单例模式,三私一公,其中的三私:构造方法,克隆魔术方法,实例化对象。一公:对外提供的方法

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