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浅谈使用 PHP 进行手机 APP 开发(API 接口开发)

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:19 PM
api app php Interface development

做过 API 的人应该了解,其实开发 API 比开发 WEB 更简洁,但可能逻辑更复杂,因为 API 其实就是数据输出,不用呈现页面,所以也就不存在 MVC(API 只有 M 和 C

一、先简单回答两个问题:

1、PHP 可以开发客户端?

答:可以,因为PHP是脚本语言,是负责完成 B/S架构 或 C/S架构 的S部分,即:主要用于服务端的开发。但是,PHP可不仅仅只能在互联网站上发展,一个PHP for Android(PFA)站点表示他们将可以发布编程模型、工具盒文档让PHP在Android上实现应用。该项目的主要赞助商是开源公司IronTec,PFA使用Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A),也就是Androd Scripting Environment(ASE)来实现这一点,您可以参看他们的网站来了解更多技术内幕。

如果有兴趣你可以参考一些相关的技术文档,,比如:

2、为什么选择 PHP 作为开发服务端的首选?

答:跨平台(可以运行在UNIX、LINUX、WINDOWS、Mac OS下)、低消耗(PHP消耗相当少的系统资源)、运行效率高(相对而言)、MySQL的完美搭档,本身是免费开源的,......

二、如何使用 PHP 开发 API(Application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口) 呢?

做过 API 的人应该了解,其实开发 API 比开发 WEB 更简洁,但可能逻辑更复杂,因为 API 其实就是数据输出,不用呈现页面,所以也就不存在 MVC(API 只有 M 和 C),

1、和 WEB 开发一样,首先需要一些相关的参数,这些参数,都会由客户端传过来,也许是 GET 也许是 POST,这个需要开发团队相互之间约定好,或者制定统一规范。

2、有了参数,根据应用需求,完成数据处理,例如:任务进度更新、APP内购、一局游戏结束数据提交等等

3、数据逻辑处理完之后,返回客户端所需要用到的相关数据,例如:任务状态、内购结果、玩家信息等等

数据怎么返给客户端?

直接输出的形式,如:JSON、XML、TEXT 等等。

4、客户端获取到你返回的数据后,在客户端本地和用户进行交互

临时写的一个简单 API 例子:

NULL, 'info'=>'坑爹啊!', 'code'=>-201); exit(json_encode($output)); } //走接口 if ($a == 'get_users') { //检查用户 if ($uid == 0) { $output = array('data'=>NULL, 'info'=>'The uid is null!', 'code'=>-401); exit(json_encode($output)); } //假设 $mysql 是数据库 $mysql = array( 10001 => array( 'uid'=>10001, 'vip'=>5, 'nickname' => 'Shine X', 'email'=>'979137@qq.com', 'qq'=>979137, 'gold'=>1500, 'powerplay'=> array('2xp'=>12,'gem'=>12,'bingo'=>5,'keys'=>5,'chest'=>8), 'gems'=> array('red'=>13,'green'=>3,'blue'=>8,'yellow'=>17), 'ctime'=>1376523234, 'lastLogin'=>1377123144, 'level'=>19, 'exp'=>16758, ), 10002 => array( 'uid'=>10002, 'vip'=>50, 'nickname' => 'elva', 'email'=>'elva@ezhi.net', 'qq'=>NULL, 'gold'=>14320, 'powerplay'=> array('2xp'=>1,'gem'=>120,'bingo'=>51,'keys'=>5,'chest'=>8), 'gems'=> array('red'=>13,'green'=>3,'blue'=>8,'yellow'=>17), 'ctime'=>1376523234, 'lastLogin'=>1377123144, 'level'=>112, 'exp'=>167588, ), 10003 => array( 'uid' => 10003, 'vip' => 5, 'nickname' => 'Lily', 'email' => 'Lily@ezhi.net', 'qq' => NULL, 'gold' => 1541, 'powerplay'=> array('2xp'=>2,'gem'=>112,'bingo'=>4,'keys'=>7,'chest'=>8), 'gems' => array('red'=>13,'green'=>3,'blue'=>9,'yellow'=>7), 'ctime' => 1376523234, 'lastLogin'=> 1377123144, 'level' => 10, 'exp' => 1758, ), ); $uidArr = array(10001,10002,10003); if (in_array($uid, $uidArr, true)) { $output = array('data' => NULL, 'info'=>'The user does not exist!', 'code' => -402); exit(json_encode($output)); } //查询数据库 $userInfo = $mysql[$uid]; //输出数据 $output = array( 'data' => array( 'userInfo' => $userInfo, 'isLogin' => true,//是否首次登陆 'unread' => 4,//未读消息数量 'untask' => 3,//未完成任务 ), 'info' => 'Here is the message which, commonly used in popup window', //消息提示,客户端常会用此作为给弹窗信息。 'code' => 200, //成功与失败的代码,一般都是正数或者负数 ); exit(json_encode($output)); } elseif ($a == 'get_games_result') { //... die('您正在调 get_games_result 接口!'); } elseif ($a == 'upload_avatars') { //.... die('您正在调 upload_avatars 接口!'); }

点击测试(对于客户端而言,也是直接调用这样的地址):

三、实际项目中,我们在开发 API 应该注意的几个事项(仅供参考):

1、单文件实现多接口的形式有很多种,例如:if..elseif.. 或 switch 或 动态方法 (也就是TP的这种访问函数体的形式)

2、对于数据的输出最好用json,json具有相当强大的跨平台性,市场上各大主流编程语言都支持json解析,json正在逐步取代xml,成为网络数据的通用格式

3、接口安全,一定要增加接口验证。例如,客户端和服务端针对不同接口统一做好加密方式,服务端在对于每次接口需要都要进行验证。以保证防止接口被恶意刷新或黑客恶意调用,尤其是大型商业应用。

4、对于线上的 API 必须保证所有接口正常且关闭所有的错误信息 => error_reporting(0),在输出JSON 时,不能有任何其它输出,否则,客户端将会获取错误的数据信息,98%直接导致客户端 Crash!

5、开发 API 和 WEB 有一定的区别,如果是 WEB 的话,可能代码出错了,不会导致特别严重的错误,也许只是导致数据写入和查询失败,也许导致 WEB 的某个部分错位或乱码。但如果是 API,99%的情况都是客户端直接Crash、闪退!

6、做接口开发,不建议使用框架开发,原因概括起来有两点(其实我有点冒风险的,本人也是 TPer 一枚,毕竟这是TP的官网):

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